Enzymes Flashcards
(10 cards)
Enzyme
A globular protein with a specific 3D shape. Hydrophobic groups on outside making it water soluble
Activation energy
The amount of energy mat must be applied for a reaction to proceed
Induced fit model
Conformational changes in the enzyme, formation of an enzyme-substrate complex. The substrate molecule is destabilised, making it more likely a reaction will take place
Enzyme - product complex
Once a reaction has taken place, a enzyme-product is formed. The products are not complementary to the substrate so are quickly eliminated
pH
The presence of charge particles can disrupt hydrogen and ionic bonds within the secondary and tertiary structure which cause active site to charge shape
Temperature
Leads to an increase in reaction rate- more successful collisions and more enzyme-substrate complexes made- but too not can break hydrogen bonds in secondary and tertiary structures causing a decline in enzyme activity.
Effect of substrate concentration
As increases, more collisions and more enzyme-substrate complexes made. Up to a certain point all active sites are occupied so no further increase in reaction rate
Effect on enzyme concentration
As increases, more collisions and more enzyme-substrate complexes made. Up to a certain point all active sites are occupied so no further increase in reaction rate
Competitive inhibitor
Similar shape to substrate molecule, are usually reversable
Non-competative inhibitor
Bind to allosteric site, distorts the tertiary structure, active site changes shape. Are sometimes non-reversible as encore is denatured
