Protien Synthesis Flashcards
(10 cards)
What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?
RNA polymerase reads and binds the promoter sequence and catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester bonds to link nucleotides together from 5’ to 3’
This process involves unwinding the DNA helix and using nucleoside triphosphates as substrates.
What is splicing in the context of RNA processing?
Splicing removes non-coding regions called introns, leaving only exons that are linked together to produce a sequence of codons
Exons are the coding sequences that remain in the final mRNA.
What are the components of ribosomes?
Ribosomes are made from ribosomal proteins and rRNAs, consisting of two subunits: a larger one for enzyme activity and a smaller one for mRNA binding
Ribosomes serve as scaffolds for tRNAs and are catalysts for peptide bond formation.
What is the function of tRNA?
tRNA is a single-stranded RNA molecule that has a complex 3D shape, with an attachment site for an amino acid and anti-codons that match codons on mRNA
The anti-codons ensure the correct amino acid is added during translation.
What is the start codon in mRNA translation?
The first codon of mRNA is always AUG, which codes for methionine
AUG signals the start of translation.
What enzyme catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds during translation?
Peptidyl transferase, an RNA enzyme found in the large unit of the ribosome, catalyzes peptide bond formation
This process occurs as the ribosome moves along the mRNA.
What happens when the ribosome reaches a stop codon?
Translation stops when the ribosome reaches a stop codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA)
This indicates the end of the protein synthesis process.
Where does translation occur?
Translation occurs in the cytoplasm
This is where ribosomes are located and where mRNA is translated into proteins.
What is post-translational modification?
Post-translational modification involves the chemical modification of a polypeptide after translation
It often occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, and vesicles, adding chemical groups or complex molecules.
Fill in the blank: The hydrolysis of high energy bonds of the substrates, including ATP, CTP, GTP, and UTP, provides energy to drive the __________.
reaction
