Enzymes

Question 1

Bind at the active site

Answer 1

Substrate

Question 2

Changes the shape of the active site slightly for better bonding ability

Answer 2

Induced fit

Question 3

Building – two substrates coming together

Answer 3

Anabolic

Question 4

Breaking down – one substrate broken down to two or more products

Answer 4

Catabolic

Question 5

Example of an anabolic reaction

Answer 5

Ligase

Question 6

Example of a catabolic reaction

Answer 6

Catalase

Question 7

Affects rate of enzyme activity

Answer 7

Substrate concentration (more substrate=More collisions)

Question 8

Affects rate of enzyme activity

Answer 8

Enzyme saturation (more enzymes=Faster rate)

Question 9

Binds to active site preventing substrate from attaching, can be reversible

Answer 9

Competitive inhibitor

Question 10

Bind to non-active site and alters the enzymes active site so that the substrate can no longer bind

Answer 10

Noncompetitive inhibitor

Question 11

Examples of noncompetitive inhibition that are irreversible

Answer 11

PH and temperature

Question 12

Examples of noncompetitive inhibitors that are reversible

Answer 12

Allosteric inhibitors

Question 13

Biological catalyst, lowers activation energy

Answer 13

Enzyme

Question 14

Inorganic minerals, such as Fe, Cu, or Zn, that help catalyze reactions by binding to enzymes to change shape of active site

Answer 14

Cofactors

Question 15

Organic (vitamins) molecules that bind to one or many types of enzymes to improve their function

Answer 15

Coenzymes

Question 16

A group of enzymes that all catalyze the same substrate in different conditions

Answer 16

Isozymes

Question 17

Tri-phosphate group from ATP is added into the enzyme changing it shape and possibly inactivating it

Answer 17

Phosphorylation (enzyme control mechanism)

Question 18

The product of the process binds to the enzyme inactivating it

Answer 18

Feedback inhibition (enzyme control mechanism)

Question 19

Similar to noncompetitive inhibition where a molecule binds to a non-active site to change the shape of the enzyme either activating or inactivating it

Answer 19

Allosteric regulation (enzyme control mechanism)

Question 20

Breaks down carbohydrates, starches, and sugars which are prevalent and potatoes, fruits, vegetables, and many snackfoods

Answer 20

Amylase

Question 21

Breaks down hydrogen peroxide

Answer 21

Catalase

Question 22

Breaks down lactose, milk sugars

Answer 22

Lactase

Question 23

Digests complex sugars and starches

Sucrose + water (hydrolysis)—-> glucose + fructose

Answer 23

Sucrase or invertase

Question 24

Breaks down proteins found in meats, nuts, eggs, and cheese

Answer 24

Protease

Question 25

Breaks down fats found in most dairy products, nuts, oils, and meat

Answer 25

Lipase

Question 26

An animal derived enzyme, breaks down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

Answer 26

Pancrelipase

Question 27

An animal derived enzyme, and a component of every long cell, very important in the control of infections- attacks invading bacteria and viruses **not digestive system-immune**

Answer 27

Lysozyme

Question 28

Bonds nucleotides to new DNA strands

Answer 28

Polymerase (anabolic)

Question 29

Bonds phosphates, sugars, and nucleotides a new DNA strands (puts together DNA)

Answer 29

Ligase (anabolic)