Transcription and Translation Flashcards
(32 cards)
The information contained in the order of nucleotides in mRNA is used to determine the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide; occurs at ribosomes (mRNA to protein)
translation
the copy that takes the information to the ribosomes to form a protein
mRNA
the site of protein synthesis
ribosome
the triplets mRNA is read in; 3 nucleotides in messenger RNA that direct the placement of a particular amino acid into a protein
codon
the mRNA triplet that acts as a signal for the beginning of translation at the ribosome; which is always _________
start codon; AUG
any of the 3 mRNA codons that signal the end of protein translation at the ribosome; the 3 stops are ______, ______, and ______
stop codon; UAA, UAG, UGA
the triplets transfer RNA is read in; the 3 nucleotides in transfer RNA that pair with a complementary triplet (a codon) in mRNA
anticodon
an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of RNA from a DNA template; it opens up the strand of DNA, pairs the nucleotides, then closes the DNA strand
RNA polymerase
The site where transcription begins, every gene has this site; when RNA polymerase is bound to the promoter
transcription initiation site
starts transcription
promoter
The end of transcription or translation; stop codon reaches A site (in translation)
termination
special end that is added onto the mRNA during RNA processing to protect the strand in case it gets caught when trying to leave the nucleus, it is a ______ ______
5’ cap
The other special end that is added onto the mRNA during RNA processing to protect the strand in case it gets caught when trying to leave the nucleus, contains 50-250 adenines
Poly-A Tail
The last stage of RNA processing in which introns are cut out of the mRNA strand and exons are put together
RNA Splicing
A portion of a DNA molecule that codes for part of a polypeptide, necessary part of mRNA
exons
A portion of a DNA molecule that is transcribed into pre-mRNA but is spiced out prior to translation, unnecessary part of mRNA
introns
A ribosome that acts like an enzyme (ribozyme) to splice the Intron’s out of mRNA said that the exons can be put together
spliceosome
Aid and splicing by putting exons together
small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs)
A.k.a. amino acid site, site where the tRNA attaches to the ribosome in translation
A site
The introns of one cell might be the exons of another cell; a process for generating different mRNAs from a single gene by splicing together different sets of exons during RNA processing
alternative RNA splicing
The enzyme that puts an amino acid and tRNA together using a hydrogen bond during the amino acid activation phase. this activates the amino acid for translation
aminoacyl-tRNA Synthase
A.k.a. exit site, the site where tRNA exits The ribosome during translation
E Site
occurs during the middle part of transcription when the mRNA is made longer by RNA polymerase; the addition of monomers to make a longer RNA
elongation
The process of how the Introns are determined; requires a foreign DNA (probes)
nucleic acid hybridization
