Why are enzymes useful?
As lots of reactions occur constantly within an organism and so enzymes are a way of speeding up the useful reactions without speeding up the unwanted reactions
How many reactions do enzymes usually catalyse?
One- they are designed to fit a special shape
Name two factors that effect how an enzyme works
Temperature- too high and the enzymes denature
pH- too high or low can interfere with the bonds holding the enzyme together
When do most enzymes denature? (Temp)
45 degrees Celsius
What is respiration?
Respiration is the process of releasing energy from glucose which goes on in every cell
Name two things that enzymes help build
Amino acids and proteins
What is the equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose+oxygen->carbon dioxide+water+ENERGY
Name four things that the energy from respiration is used for
1) to build up larger molecules from smaller ones (like proteins from amino acids)
2) in animals to allow the muscles to contract
3) in mammals and birds the energy is used to keep their body temperature steady
4) in plants to build sugars, nitrates and other nutrients into amino acids, which are then built up into proteins
What enzyme converts starch into simple sugars?
Amylase
What enzyme converts protein into amino acids?
Protease
What enzyme converts fata into glycerol and fatty acids?
Lipase
Name three places where amylase is made
1) the salivary glands
2) the pancreas
3) the small intestine
Name three places where protease is made
1) the stomach
2) the pancreas
3) the small intestine
Name two places where lipase is made
1) the pancreas
2) the small intestine
What is bile’s purpose?
To neutralise the stomach acid so that enzymes can work properly in the small intestine and to emulsify fats
Describe three things about bio detergents and how they work
1) used in “bio” detergents
2) mainly protease and lipase enzymes
3) the enzymes attack animal and plant matter e.g. Food, blood so they’re ideal for removing stains
Describe three things about how enzymes change food
1) proteins in baby food “pre digested” so the baby can digest it
2) carbohydrases can turn starch syrup into sugar syrup
3) isomerase enzyme can turn glucose syrup into fructose syrup, fructose is sweeter and ideal for slimming products as you use less of it
Name four advantages of using enzymes in industry
- they’re specific so only catalyse the reaction they need to
- lower cost as lower temperature used, saves energy
- enzymes are cost effective, you can reuse them
- they are biodegradable and so cause less pollution
Name three disadvantages of using enzymes in industry
- some people are allergic
- conditions must be tightly controlled or they will denature
- contamination of the enzyme with other substances can affect reaction
What are enzymes?
Enzymes are catalyst produced by living things
