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Flashcards in Enzymes Deck (20)
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1
Q

Why are enzymes useful?

A

As lots of reactions occur constantly within an organism and so enzymes are a way of speeding up the useful reactions without speeding up the unwanted reactions

2
Q

How many reactions do enzymes usually catalyse?

A

One- they are designed to fit a special shape

3
Q

Name two factors that effect how an enzyme works

A

Temperature- too high and the enzymes denature

pH- too high or low can interfere with the bonds holding the enzyme together

4
Q

When do most enzymes denature? (Temp)

A

45 degrees Celsius

5
Q

What is respiration?

A

Respiration is the process of releasing energy from glucose which goes on in every cell

6
Q

Name two things that enzymes help build

A

Amino acids and proteins

7
Q

What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

A

Glucose+oxygen->carbon dioxide+water+ENERGY

8
Q

Name four things that the energy from respiration is used for

A

1) to build up larger molecules from smaller ones (like proteins from amino acids)
2) in animals to allow the muscles to contract
3) in mammals and birds the energy is used to keep their body temperature steady
4) in plants to build sugars, nitrates and other nutrients into amino acids, which are then built up into proteins

9
Q

What enzyme converts starch into simple sugars?

A

Amylase

10
Q

What enzyme converts protein into amino acids?

A

Protease

11
Q

What enzyme converts fata into glycerol and fatty acids?

A

Lipase

12
Q

Name three places where amylase is made

A

1) the salivary glands
2) the pancreas
3) the small intestine

13
Q

Name three places where protease is made

A

1) the stomach
2) the pancreas
3) the small intestine

14
Q

Name two places where lipase is made

A

1) the pancreas

2) the small intestine

15
Q

What is bile’s purpose?

A

To neutralise the stomach acid so that enzymes can work properly in the small intestine and to emulsify fats

16
Q

Describe three things about bio detergents and how they work

A

1) used in “bio” detergents
2) mainly protease and lipase enzymes
3) the enzymes attack animal and plant matter e.g. Food, blood so they’re ideal for removing stains

17
Q

Describe three things about how enzymes change food

A

1) proteins in baby food “pre digested” so the baby can digest it
2) carbohydrases can turn starch syrup into sugar syrup
3) isomerase enzyme can turn glucose syrup into fructose syrup, fructose is sweeter and ideal for slimming products as you use less of it

18
Q

Name four advantages of using enzymes in industry

A
  • they’re specific so only catalyse the reaction they need to
  • lower cost as lower temperature used, saves energy
  • enzymes are cost effective, you can reuse them
  • they are biodegradable and so cause less pollution
19
Q

Name three disadvantages of using enzymes in industry

A
  • some people are allergic
  • conditions must be tightly controlled or they will denature
  • contamination of the enzyme with other substances can affect reaction
20
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Enzymes are catalyst produced by living things