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Flashcards in The Body Deck (15)
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1
Q

Name the three main roles of the kidneys

A

1) removal of urea
2) adjustment of ion content
3) adjustment of water content

2
Q

Why is it important that the kidneys remove urea?

A
  • proteins can’t be stored by the body so excess amino acids turned into fats & carbohydrates which can be stored
  • urea is poisonous and is released into bloodstream by liver. The kidneys filter it out of blood
3
Q

Why is it important that the kidneys adjust the ion content?

A
  • if the ion content of the body is wrong this could mean too little or too much water is drawn into the cells by osmosis which could damage cells
4
Q

Why is it important that the kidneys adjust the water content?

A

Water is taken in by and lost by urine, sweat and air we breathe out
- the body maintains the balance by; liquids consumed, amount of sweat and amount of urine

5
Q

Describe the digestive system

A

1) salivary glands- produce amylase in saliva
2) stomach- pummels food with muscular walls, produces pepsin (protease), produces HCL to kill bacteria and to give right pH for enzymes to work
3) liver- bile produced here
4) gall bladder- bile stored here
5) small intestine- produces all key enzymes and food absorbed into blood
6) large intestine- water absorbed from food
7) pancreas- produces all key enzymes and releases them into small intestine
8) rectum- where faeces is stored

6
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment

7
Q

What 6 main things need to be controlled?

A

1) the body temperature
2) water content
3) ion content
4) blood sugar
5) carbon dioxide
6) urea

8
Q

What does your body do when you’re too hot?

A

1) hairs lie flat
2) sweat produced
3) blood vessels dilate

9
Q

What does the body do when you’re too cold?

A

1) hairs stand up
2) no sweat
3) blood vessels constrict
4) you shiver which means your muscle respire to release energy

10
Q

If the blood glucose level is too high what is added?

A

Insulin

11
Q

What does your body do when your blood glucose level is too low?

A

Insulin not added so glucose is added by liver

12
Q

What is diabetes type 1?

A

Is a disorder where the pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin

13
Q

How can type one diabetes be avoided?

A

1) avoiding foods rich in simple carbohydrates e.g. Simple sugars
2) inject insulin

14
Q

Who was insulin discovered by?

A

Banting and best

15
Q

What else can you do (apart from injecting insulin) to solve type one diabetes?

A

A pancreas transplant
To transplant the cells that produce insulin
Artificial transplant