Name the three main roles of the kidneys
1) removal of urea
2) adjustment of ion content
3) adjustment of water content
Why is it important that the kidneys remove urea?
- proteins can’t be stored by the body so excess amino acids turned into fats & carbohydrates which can be stored
- urea is poisonous and is released into bloodstream by liver. The kidneys filter it out of blood
Why is it important that the kidneys adjust the ion content?
- if the ion content of the body is wrong this could mean too little or too much water is drawn into the cells by osmosis which could damage cells
Why is it important that the kidneys adjust the water content?
Water is taken in by and lost by urine, sweat and air we breathe out
- the body maintains the balance by; liquids consumed, amount of sweat and amount of urine
Describe the digestive system
1) salivary glands- produce amylase in saliva
2) stomach- pummels food with muscular walls, produces pepsin (protease), produces HCL to kill bacteria and to give right pH for enzymes to work
3) liver- bile produced here
4) gall bladder- bile stored here
5) small intestine- produces all key enzymes and food absorbed into blood
6) large intestine- water absorbed from food
7) pancreas- produces all key enzymes and releases them into small intestine
8) rectum- where faeces is stored
What is homeostasis?
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment
What 6 main things need to be controlled?
1) the body temperature
2) water content
3) ion content
4) blood sugar
5) carbon dioxide
6) urea
What does your body do when you’re too hot?
1) hairs lie flat
2) sweat produced
3) blood vessels dilate
What does the body do when you’re too cold?
1) hairs stand up
2) no sweat
3) blood vessels constrict
4) you shiver which means your muscle respire to release energy
If the blood glucose level is too high what is added?
Insulin
What does your body do when your blood glucose level is too low?
Insulin not added so glucose is added by liver
What is diabetes type 1?
Is a disorder where the pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin
How can type one diabetes be avoided?
1) avoiding foods rich in simple carbohydrates e.g. Simple sugars
2) inject insulin
Who was insulin discovered by?
Banting and best
What else can you do (apart from injecting insulin) to solve type one diabetes?
A pancreas transplant
To transplant the cells that produce insulin
Artificial transplant
