Enzymes & Digestion

Question 1

What are simple sugars?

Answer 1

Carbohydrates that are only made up of one or two units of sugar e.g. Glucose

Question 2

What are complex carbohydrates?

Answer 2

Things such as starch are made up of many small sugar until joined together in a long chain

Question 3

What are lipids made of?

Answer 3

Built from fatty acids and glycerol

Question 4

What are proteins made up of?

Answer 4

Long chains of amino acids

Question 5

Give three uses of protein

Answer 5

• Antibodies
• Hormones
• Enzymes

Question 6

What is an enzyme?

Answer 6

A catalyst produced by living things

Question 7

What is a catalyst?

Answer 7

A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a reaction, without being changed or used up

Question 8

What is a substrate?

Answer 8

A molecule that is changed in a reaction

Question 9

What is the active site?

Answer 9

The part where a substrate joins on to the enzyme

Question 10

What happens to the enzyme if the temperature gets too high?

Answer 10

The enzyme becomes denatured

Question 11

What happens to the enzyme if the pH is too high?

Answer 11

The enzyme becomes denatured

Question 12

What do digestive enzymes do?

Answer 12

Break down big, insoluble molecules into smaller,soluble ones. So that they can pass through the walls of the stomach and be absorbed into the bloodstream

Question 13

Which enzyme converts starch into sugars?

Answer 13

Amylase

Question 14

Where is amylase produced?

Answer 14

• Salivary glands
• Pancreas
• Small intestine

Question 15

Where does amylase work?

Answer 15

Mouth and small intestine

Question 16

What converts proteins into amino acids?

Answer 16

Protease

Question 17

Where is protease produced?

Answer 17

• Stomach
• Pancreas
• Small intestine

Question 18

Where does protease work?

Answer 18

Stomach and small intestine

Question 19

What is protease called in the stomach?

Answer 19

Pepsin

Question 20

What converts lipids into fatty acids?

Answer 20

Lipase

Question 21

Where is lipase produced?

Answer 21

• Pancreas

- Small intestine

Question 22

Where does lipase work?

Answer 22

Small intestine

Question 23

Where is bile produced?

Answer 23

Liver

Question 24

Where is bile stored?

Answer 24

Gall bladder

Question 25

What does bile do?

Answer 25

• It neutralises the stomach and makes it alkaline, which is the best conditions for enzymes to work
• It emulsifies fats, which gives a them a bigger surface area for lipase to work

Question 26

What are carbohydrates made up of?

Answer 26

Units of sugar

Question 27

What is protease used for in industry?

Answer 27

1. Biological detergents

2. Pre-digest protein in some baby foods

Question 28

What is carbohydrase used for in industry?

Answer 28

Converts starch to sugar syrup in food processing

Question 29

What is isomerise used for in industry?

Answer 29

Converts glucose syrup into fructose syrup, which is used to make things taste sweeter so less is used in diet foods