Epidemiological transition model Flashcards
What is morbidity?
The measure of incidence of disease
What is mortality?
Number of deaths or death rate
Where are mortality rates highest?
Low/middle income countries
What percent of deaths were non communicable diseases responsible for?
71% in 2018
How much have deaths from non communicable diseases risen since 2000?
60% (proportional to other causes)
Why have deaths from non communicable diseases fallen?
Education on health/sanitation.
WHO efforts (Immunisation)
Why is development correlated with health?
More money to invest into agriculture, health and infrastructure
What is the epidemiological transition model?
Model to show the transition of developing countries and their respective deaths from communicable vs non communicable diseases.
Who proposed epidemiological transition model and when?
Abdel Omran in 1971
How many stages of epidemiological transition model?
5
What is stage one?
Age of infection and famine
What is stage two?
Age of receding pandemics
What is stage three?
Age of degenerative/man made diseases
What is stage 5a?
Age of inactivity and obesity
What is stage 5b?
Emerging infectious diseases and reemergence
What are the 3 variations of said model?
Classical/western
Accelerated model
Contemporary delayed model
What environmental factors could influence disease incidence?
Topography
Water quality
Air quality
Climate
What will extreme temperatures do?
Increased chances of pneumonia and flu (cold).
Increased chances of heat stroke
What does rainfall do regarding disease?
Increased vector borne diseases (like stagnant water)
What will topography do regarding disease?
Floodplains increases rates of disease when floods = cholera, Hep E/A and dysentaery
Where might flooding impact diseases?
Ganges floodplain in India
What will climate do regarding incidence of disease?
Increase food insecurity and water
What can polluted air cause?
Cardiovascular and respiratory illness (bronchitis)
What percentage of heart related illnesses and respiratory illness are due to air pollution?
80% and 14% according to WHO
