Water general additions Flashcards
Cards on extra water knowledge (20 cards)
Where are the different water stores?
Oceanic
Cryospheric
Terrestrial
Atmospheric
Main processes driving change?
Evaporation
Condensation
Precipitation
Cloud formation
Cryospheric changes
What are the cry-spherical processes?
Accumulation (snow)
Ablation (Output from glacier melting)
Sublimation (Ice to vapour)
What is the water balance?
Long term balance between inputs and outputs, P = Q+E+/-S
Types of ‘balance’ of storage?
Soil moisture surplus or soil moisture deficit
Types of rainfall?
Orographic, Frontal or Convectional
What is orographic rainfall?
Clouds forced over hills
What is frontal rainfall?
Different temperatures air masses meet, warm rises and cool sinks
What is convectional rainfall?
Warm air rises on a sunny day
How much water storage in pores of clay vs sand?
Clay = 40-60%
Sand = 20-45%
Key words in hydrographic?
Base flow, rising limb (steep or flat), Receding limb, Peak rainfall and peak discharge
Positive water balance?
Rainfall exceeds evaporation
Negative water balance?
Evaporation exceeds rainfall
What is water measured by?
Cumecs
What is a river regime?
Annual variations in the discharge In a river
Opposite of flash flood?
Subdued
Why is soil drainage important?
Aerate soil, allow accumulation of microorganisms, reduce compaction, increase through flow,
What can be used for soil drainage?
corrugated plastic tubing
What is used to measure water example in the London basin?
Hydrogeology, measuring safe levels of extraction.
Issues of extraction?
Drying up rivers, damage to wetlands, sinking water tables
