Population and the Environment Flashcards
Key population parameters?
Distribution, Density, Total, Percentage change
Key elements in physical environment?
Soil and climate - determine food and water supplies.
Why is soil type significant in determining populations?
Determines agricultural potential. fertile soil is key for populations, such as Nile delta or Vesuvius.
Why might son type become less significant?
Technological advancements
what are some Issues surrounding technology to improve agriculture?
Pollution, Eutrophication and GHG emissions.
What is food security?
When all people at all times have access to sufficient safe and nutritional food that will maintain a healthy lifestyle.
What is undernutrition?
Too little food to maintain a healthy body weight.
In 2015, how many calories could be supplied to every person per day?
2940
How many people suffered undernutrition in 2018?
820 million
Has food security improved globally?
Yes, calories per capita increased 800 from 1960 to 2015 in developing countries
Which region is most undernourished?
Sub-Saharan Africa
What are the types of farming?
-Commercial or subsistence
-Intensive or extensive
-Arable, pastoral or both
What is the measure of agricultural productivity?
TFP, total factor productivity, measures the inputs relative to the outputs of agricultural systems.
How might TFP be improved?
-GM crops (Golden rice)
-High quality feeds
-Agrochemicals (herbi/pesti/fungcides)
-Extensification
-Machinery/ tech
-Hydroponics
Which regions worst affected by climate change in regards to agriculture?
Sub Saharan africa and Asia Pacific region
Why will Sub saharan Africa be worst affected?
Over 60 percent work on subsistence rural farms (reliant on adequate climate)
Why will Asia Pacific be worst affected?
500 million in rural/poor regions, many also subsistence farmers
Impacts from climate change in Africa?
-Heatwaves
-Drying soils
-Less rainfall
-Drought
Impacts from Climate change in Asia Pacific?
-Water stress (lower yields of wheat/maize)
-Rising sea levels
-More frequent tropical storms
-More rainfall = flooding
Who would be worse affected by rising sea levels?
Bangladesh (low lying), increased salinity
How to mitigate against these agricultural impacts?
-Heat/stress tolerant strains
-Effective irrigation systems (drip)
-Greater diversification
What are the 2 zonal types?
Chernozem and red/yellow rainforest latasols
Features of chernozem?
Deep, black soils rich in organic material called humus, and minerals, clay structure good for water retention, neutral to alkaline.
What mineral is found in chernozem soil?
Phosphorus
