Epidemiology Flashcards
Epidemiology is
Study of factors affecting the health and illness of populations
Outline of a research project
Study design
Data collection
Data cleaning
Data analysis
Interpretation
Communication
Cross sectional study
A snapshot of info about exposure and disease at one time point
Can calculate- prevalence, relative risk
Limitations- cannot differentiate cause and effect
Case control study
Start by identifying two groups with or without the outcome of interest.
What are cases
Study subjects that have developed the disease of interest
Controls are
Have not developed the disease of interest
Are eligible to become a case
Consist of a representitive sample of the population
Cohort study
Follow a target group for a period of time
Compare outcomes in exposed and unexposed individuals
Randomised control trail
Participants are all cases
Rigorous ethics requirements
Strength of evidence pyramid
Metanalysis
RCT
Cohort
Case control
Cross sectional
Cross sectional
Case report
Expert opinion
Incidence is
The occurrence of new cases of disease or injury in a population over a specified period of time
Prevalence
Total number of individuals in a population who have a disease at a specific point in time
Prevalence calculation
Prevalence= number of cases present
Number of individuals present
Incidence calculation
Incidence= number of new cases
Total individual time at risk
Relative risk
Compares risk of disease in exposed group to unexposed group
Relative risk calculation
RR= risk of disease in exposed group
Risk of disease in unexposed group
=incidence in exposed
Incidence in unexposed
