Hypocalcaemia Flashcards
What is hypocalcaemia
State in which plasma calcium concentrations fall below a normal threshold
What are the most commonly seen manifestations
Cattle just after calving
Sheep in last couple weeks of pregnancy and early lactation
Lactating small breed bitches
Bone is for
Long term storage but readily mobilised by osteoclasts
Intracellular calcium is for
Not mobilizable and must be regulated
Extracellular fluid is for
Highly mobilizable but smallest pool
GI tract is for
Highly mobilizable- potientially large pool
Protein bound
Unionised and bound
Complexed to anions
Ionised but bound
Free, ionised
Ionised and unbound
What is bone resorption influenced by
Osteoclast abundance and activity
Presence of cytokine combination
What are Osteoclasts
Multinucleate cells
Differentiated from CD14
Under the influence of cytokines
Acute clinical Hypocalcaemia syndromes are important as it causes
Cardiovascular collapse
Eclampsia in bitches
Milk fever or parturition paresis in cattle
Hypocalcaemia in sheep
Transit tetany in sheep and cattle
Risk factors for milk fever include
Diet- reduced preparation feed intake
Genetic- heritability moderate- common in jerseys
Production- affects high production cows
Season- late summer and autumn
Pathogenesis causes
Decreased smooth, cardiac and skeletal muscle contractility
Decreased neurotransmitter function
Decreased apocrine gland function
Pathogenesis clinical signs
Muscular weakness
Decreased gut motility
Decreased thermoregulation
Cardiovascular collapse
Coma
Death
