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Module 1 vetmed > Gene expression > Flashcards

Gene expression Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name for DNA

A

Deoxyribose

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2
Q

What is the name for RNA

A

Ribose nucleic acid

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3
Q

What are the two main groups of bases

A

Pyrimidines
Purines

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4
Q

What bases are pyrimidines

A

Uracil
Thymine
Cytosine

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5
Q

What bases are purines

A

Adenine
Guanine

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6
Q

What is the function of mRNA

A

Code for proteins

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7
Q

What is the function of rRNA

A

Make ribosomes

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8
Q

What is the function of tRNA

A

Transfer of specific amino acids to a ribosome

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9
Q

What is promoter

A

Region of DNA that initiates transcription of a particular gene

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10
Q

What are exons

A

Coding regions

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11
Q

What are introns

A

Non coding regions

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12
Q

What do transcription factors do

A

Initiates gene transcription

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13
Q

What does RNA polymerase do

A

Enzyme that transcribes DNA to produce a mRNA copy

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14
Q

Role of RNA polymerase

A

Attaches at the promoter sequence of DNA, it moves along the DNA, unzipping the strands

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15
Q

What does RNA splicing do

A

Removes the non coding introns

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16
Q

Proteins processing pathway

A

New proteins synthesis starts on free ribosomes
Polypeptide chains enter ER
New protein accumulates in ER lumen or new protein embeds in ER membrane
Golgi apparatus process proteins
Proteins synthesised on the rough ER and exit in transport vesicles
Vesicles fuse with the cis Golgi complec
Proteins migrate through the Golgi cis to the trans Golgi
Proteins are packaged in vesicles

17
Q

What is the Golgi apparatus responsible for

A

Post translation modifications of proteins

18
Q

Examples of post translational modifications

A

Formation of disulfide bonds
Addition and processing of carbohydrates
Specific proteolytic cleavages
Assembly into multimeric proteins
Proper folding

19
Q

Gene regulation is

A

How a cell controls which genes are turned on

20
Q

Gene regulation is responsible for

A

Spatial expression- not every gene product is needed in every cell
Temporal expression- different genes are expressed at different times in response to a wide range of factors

21
Q

What are enhancers

A

Regions of genes that increase the rate of transcription

22
Q

What do silencers do

A

Depress the rate of transcription

23
Q

What is alternative mRNA splicing

A

Produce more than one protein product from a single gene

24
Q

What is epigenetics

A

External modification of genes that turn genes on or off

25
Q

Is epigenome dynamic

A

Yes and can respond to the environment

Module 1 vetmed (22 decks)

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