Epithelial Tissue

Question 1

What is the structure/characteristics of epithelial tissue?

Answer 1

Thin tissues that cover all exposed surfaces of the body.

Cellularity- closely bound cells, ECM
Avascularity- lack of blood vessels
Regeneration- cellular division of stem cells
*Higher rates of cell division/replacement
Polarity- apical/basal/lateral surfaces

Question 2

Avascularity

Answer 2

The condition of having no blood vessels or blood flow

Question 3

Apical surface

Answer 3

The top side of the cell facing the exposed surface, lumen, or environment

Question 4

Basal surface

Answer 4

The bottom side of a cell attached to the basement membrane

Question 5

Basement membrane

Answer 5

A thin membrane separating epithelial tissue from underlying tissue.

Made of basal lamina and reticular lamina.

Question 6

Basal lamina

Answer 6

The superficial layer of the basement membrane

Question 7

Reticular lamina

Answer 7

The deep layer of the basement membrane

Question 8

Lateral surface

Answer 8

The side of a cell where cellular junctions are commonly found

Question 9

Germinative (basale) cells

Answer 9

Cells that are actively dividing to regenerate lost or damaged surface cells

Question 10

What are the functions of epithelial tissue?

Answer 10

Internal/external protection from abrasion, dehydration, and chemical/biological destruction.

Control permeability through absorption, exchange, secretion, excretion, filtration

Secretion (glandular cells)

Sensation (neuroepithelium) through smell, taste, vision, hearing

Question 11

Neuroepithelium

Answer 11

Specialized epithelia that function as receptors for special senses (smell, taste, vision, hearing)

Question 12

Where is epithelial tissue located?

Answer 12

Faces exposed surfaces or lumens,

Lines internal passageways, canals, chambers, cavities, ducts,

Forms glands

Question 13

Glandular (gland) cells

Answer 13

Cells that produce secretions.

Can be scattered among other cell types or make up most/all of the epithelia

Question 14

What are the two types of epithelial tissue?

Answer 14

Covering and lining epithelium, and glandular epithelium

Question 15

Covering and lining epithelium

Answer 15

Epithelia that cover or line internal/external surfaces and lumens

Question 16

Lumen

Answer 16

The cavity of a tubular organ

Question 17

Glandular epithelium

Answer 17

Epithelia that form glands

Question 18

Endocrine glands

Answer 18

Ductless glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

Ex. Pituitary gland, thyroid gland

Question 19

Exocrine glands

Answer 19

Glands with ducts that secrete materials from the gland to the surface

Question 20

Merocrine secretion

Answer 20

The most common type of secretion in which the cell remains intact and is released through exocytosis

Question 21

What are examples of merocrine secretion?

Answer 21

Sweat glands, salivary glands, exocrine glands of the pancreas

Question 22

Apocrine secretion

Answer 22

A type of secretion produced in the Golgi apparatus in which a portion of the cell pinches off and breaks down

Question 23

What is an example of apocrine secretion?

Answer 23

Mammary glands

Question 24

Holocrine secretion

Answer 24

A type of secretion in which the cell bursts

Question 25

What is an example of holocrine secretion?

Answer 25

Sebaceous glands

Question 26

Unicellular glands

Answer 26

Glands made up of independent, scattered gland cells among the epithelia

Question 27

What is the only unicellular exocrine gland?

Answer 27

Goblet cells

Question 28

Multicellular glands

Answer 28

Glands with multiple cells named by their shapes

Question 29

If the duct of a gland is undivided, what do we call it?

Answer 29

Simple

Question 30

If the duct of a gland is divided, what do we call it?

Answer 30

Compound

Question 31

If the shape of the secretory portion of a gland is tube-like, what do we call it?

Answer 31

Tubular

Question 32

If the shape of the secretory portion of a gland is round, what do we call it?

Answer 32

Alveolar or acinar

Question 33

If there are several secretory areas sharing a single duct, what do we call it?

Answer 33

Branched

Question 34

What is an example of a simple coiled tubular gland?

Answer 34

Merocrine sweat glands

Question 35

What is an example of a simple branched alveolar gland?

Answer 35

Sebaceous glands

Question 36

What is an example of a compound alveolar gland?

Answer 36

Mammary glands

Question 37

What is an example of a compound tubuloalveolar gland?

Answer 37

Salivary glands, glands of respiratory passages, pancreas

Question 38

Where is simple columnar epithelium ciliated?

Answer 38

Bronchioles of lungs, auditory tubes, uterine tubes, uterus.

Question 39

Where is simple columnar epithelium non-ciliated?

Answer 39

Lining of stomach, intestine, gallbladder

Question 40

Where is stratified squamous epithelium nonkeratinized?

Answer 40

Lining of: mouth, throat, esophagus, rectum, anus, vagina Moist areas

Question 41

Where is stratified squamous epithelium keratinized?

Answer 41

Skin surface Dry areas

Question 42

Where is pseudostratified columnar ciliated?

Answer 42

Trachea, bronchi of lungs, larynx, nasal cavity, auditory tubes

Question 43

Cilia

Answer 43

Hair-like projections that aid in movement

Question 44

Microvilli

Answer 44

Finger-like projections that add surface area to a cell

Question 45

What is the function of simple squamous epithelium?

Answer 45

Reduce friction, control vessel permeability, absorption, secretion

Question 46

What is the function of simple cuboidal epithelium?

Answer 46

Protection, secretion, absorption

Question 47

What is the function of simple columnar epithelium?

Answer 47

Protection, absorption, secretion

Question 48

What is the function of pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

Answer 48

Protection, secretion, move mucous with cilia

Question 50

What is the function of stratified cuboidal epithelium?

Answer 50

Protection, absorption, secretion

Question 51

What is the function of stratified columnar epithelium?

Answer 51

Protection

Question 52

What is the function of transitional epithelium?

Answer 52

Expansion and recoil after stretching

Question 53

What is the function of stratified squamous epithelium? (Keratonized or non)

Answer 53

Physical protection against abrasion/pathogens/chemical attacks