Misc. Vocab

Question 1

Tissue

Answer 1

A group of specialized cells working together to perform one or more specific functions

Question 2

Organ

Answer 2

A group of two or more different tissues working together to perform a specialized function

Question 3

Organ system

Answer 3

A group of organs working together to perform vital body functions

Question 4

Organism

Answer 4

An individual living thing

Question 5

Homeostasis

Answer 5

The existence of a stable environment

Question 6

Homeostatic regulation

Answer 6

The adjustment of physiological systems to maintain homeostasis

Question 7

Receptor

Answer 7

Component of homeostatic regulation that receives stimuli

Question 8

Control center

Answer 8

Component of homeostatic regulation that processes the signal and sends instructions

Question 9

Effector

Answer 9

Component of homeostatic regulation that carries out instructions

Question 10

Afferent

Answer 10

Input between receptor and control center

Question 11

Efferent

Answer 11

Output between control center and effector

Question 12

Negative feedback loop

Answer 12

The response of the effector negates the stimulus and the body is brought back to homeostasis; normal range achieved

Question 13

Positive feedback loop

Answer 13

The response of the effector increases change of the stimulus and the body is moved away from homeostasis; normal range is lost; processes sped up

Question 14

Thermoregulation

Answer 14

A process allowing the body to maintain its core internal temperature

Question 15

Set point

Answer 15

Physiological value around which the normal value fluctuates; an ideal number for a specific physiological process

Question 16

Vasodilation

Answer 16

An increase in diameter of blood vessels, increasing blood flow

Question 17

Vasoconstriction

Answer 17

A decrease in diameter of blood vessels, decreasing blood flow

Question 18

Homeostatic imbalance

Answer 18

Failure or inability to maintain homeostasis which can lead to illness, disease, or death

Question 19

Symptoms

Answer 19

A subjective change

Question 20

Signs

Answer 20

Objective changes which can be quantified

Question 21

Prognosis

Answer 21

A prediction about the possible course or outcome from a specific disease

Question 22

Pathology

Answer 22

The study of disease

Question 23

Disease

Answer 23

Malfunction of organs or organ systems resulting from a failure of homeostatic mechanisms characterized by a set of signs and symptoms

Question 24

Disorder

Answer 24

Any abnormality of structure or function

Question 25

Acute

Answer 25

A disease of short duration but typically severe

Question 26

Chronic

Answer 26

Illness persisting for a long time or constantly recurring

Question 27

Etiology

Answer 27

Science and study of the cause of disease

Question 28

Idiopathic

Answer 28

Any disease or condition of unknown cause

Question 29

Epithelial tissue

Answer 29

Thin tissues that cover all exposed surfaces of the body - Skin - Lining of mouth, digestive track

Question 30

Connective tissue

Answer 30

Tissue that supports, protects, and gives structure to other tissues and organs - Bone - Cartilage - Fat - Blood - Lymphatic tissue

Question 31

Muscle tissue

Answer 31

Composed of cells that have the special ability to shorten or contract in order to produce movement of body parts

Question 32

Nervous tissue

Answer 32

Groups of organized cells in the nervous system - Brain - Spinal cord - Nerves - Neurons

Question 33

Diagnosis

Answer 33

The identification of the nature of an illness or other problem by examination of the signs and symptoms

Question 34

Palpation

Answer 34

To examine the body by gentle touch

Question 35

Auscultation

Answer 35

The action of listening to sounds from the heart, lungs, or other organs with a stethoscope

Question 36

Pericarditis

Answer 36

Inflammation of the pericardium

Question 37

Pleurisy

Answer 37

Inflammation of the pleura

Question 38

Peritonitis

Answer 38

Inflammation of the peritoneum

Question 39

Percussion

Answer 39

A method of tapping body parts with fingers, hands, or small instruments to determine the size/consistency/borders of body organs

Question 40

Necrosis

Answer 40

The tissue destruction that occurs after cells have been damaged or killed

Question 41

Pus

Answer 41

Accumulation of debris, fluid, dead and dying cells, and necrotic tissue

Question 42

Abscess

Answer 42

An accumulation of pus in an enclosed tissue

Question 43

Fibrosis

Answer 43

Permanent replacement of normal tissue by scar tissue (fibrous tissue)

Question 44

Sarcoma

Answer 44

A cancer arising in connective or other nonepithelial tissue

Question 45

Carcinoma

Answer 45

A cancer arising in the epithelial tissue of the skin or of the lining of the internal organs

Question 46

Lesion

Answer 46

A region in an organ or tissue that has suffered damage from injury or disease

Question 47

Remission

Answer 47

Abatement, ending, or lessening in severity of signs and symptoms of a disease

Question 48

Biopsy

Answer 48

Process of removing tissue samples surgically or with a needle

Question 49

Autopsy

Answer 49

An examination of the organs of a cadaver to determine cause of death or to determine pathology

Question 50

What are the levels of organization from simplest to most complex?

Answer 50

Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal

Question 51

Oncologist

Answer 51

A person who studies tumors

Question 52

Metastasis

Answer 52

The development of secondary malignant growths at a distance from a primary site of cancer

Question 53

Parenchymal cells

Answer 53

Functional part of an organ or structure

Question 54

Carcinogen

Answer 54

A substance capable of causing cancer in living tissue

Question 55

Hypertrophy

Answer 55

An increase and growth of muscle cells achieved through exercise

Question 56

Benign

Answer 56

A condition, tumor, or growth that is noncancerous

Question 57

Malignant

Answer 57

Cancerous

Question 58

Marfan syndrome

Answer 58

An inherited disorder that affects connective tissue. Most commonly affects eyes, heart, blood vessels and skeleton

Question 59

Extracellular matrix

Answer 59

Noncellular substances surrounding the cell