Epithelium

Question 1

apical domain

Answer 1

faces the lumen or external environment

Question 2

basal domain

Answer 2

faces the basement membrane

Question 3

basolateral domain

Answer 3

lateral and basal domain together

Question 4

function of microvilli

Answer 4

increase surface area for absorption

Question 5

what is microvilli made of and what attaches actin filaments with eachother

Answer 5

actin filament bundles, linked by proteins villin and fimbrin

Question 6

what attaches lateral arm of microvilli to plasma membrane

Answer 6

myosin 1 and calmodulin

Question 7

what connects microvilli to cytoplasm

Answer 7

myosin II and spectrin

Question 8

myosin II is a contractile protein

Answer 8

causes contraction to terminal web

Question 9

what will be impact on microvilli after contraction of myosin II

Answer 9

epical diameter of cell is reduced, cell becomes shorter, causes microvilli to move adduction and abduction, advantage is creating surface area for nutrients

Question 10

stereocilia

Answer 10

extremely long microvilli

Question 11

where is stereocilia found

Answer 11

found in epididymis, inner ear,

Question 12

what is cilia made of

Answer 12

microtubules or the axoneme

Question 13

centrioles form basal body during development

Question 14

three types of cilia

Answer 14

motile which beat, primary with no active movement, and nodal with slight rotational movement in the embryo

Question 15

basal body is a MTOC

Answer 15

microtubule organizing center

Question 16

what is motile cilia form in the respiratory tract

Answer 16

muco-cilary unit

Question 17

what does muco-cilary unit do

Answer 17

sweeps mucous and trapped material toward oropharynx

Question 18

motile cilia in the oviduct

Answer 18

beats fluid towards the uterus

Question 19

motile cilia is covered by

Answer 19

cilia membrane, transmembrane proteins are different from plasma membrane

Question 20

inside motile cilia is

Answer 20

anoxneme, microtubules are made of tubulin subunits

Question 21

microtubules are arranged in specific matter in motile cilia

Answer 21

9 + 2 arrangement= 9 doublets of circularly arranged peripheral microtubules, surround 2 central microtubules.

Question 22

what are peripheral microtubules made of in motile cilia

Answer 22

alpha and beta tubulin subunit

Question 23

2 alpha dynein ends are only in what

Answer 23

alpha microtubules

Question 24

what is nexin

Answer 24

an elastic protein that links to next doublet

Question 25

what is radial spoke

Answer 25

control of dynein arm by relaying signals

Question 26

basal body holds triplets, does not extend past basal body

Answer 26

there are triplets

Question 27

each doublet exhibits a pair of arms that contain

Answer 27

dynein and ATPase

Question 28

Arm extends from A microtubule, to form temporary cross bridges

Answer 28

with B microtubules of the adjacent doublet

Question 29

primary ciliary dyskineasiaor immotile cilia syndrome (ICS)

Answer 29

autosomal recessive disease, characterized be abnormal ciliary motion, and imapaired muco-ciliary clearance

Question 30

kartagener syndrome

Answer 30

dynein arms are absent in the cilia, leads to abnormal ciliary function

Question 31

kartagener syndrome

Answer 31

characterized by triad of situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, and bronchiectasis

Question 32

two disorders affecting the muco-ciliary unit

Answer 32

Primary Ciliary Dyskinesiaor Immotile cilia syndrome, and kartagener syndrome

Question 33

primary cilia

Answer 33

Function as a signal receptor, axoneme is 9+0 microtubule

Question 34

nodal cilia

Answer 34

Make rotational movement, 9+0 microtubules

Question 35

nodal cilia

Answer 35

concentrated in area of the primitive node

Question 36

basolateral surface specialization

Answer 36

lateral folds and basal folds

Question 37

lateral surface shows a tortuous bounday

Answer 37

due to infoldings of cells with neighbors, this increases lateral surface

Question 38

where are lateral folds found

Answer 38

epithelium of intestines and kidney tubules

Question 39

lateral folds are prominent in cells that transport fluid rapidly

Question 40

basal folds have characteristics of what

Answer 40

fluid transporting cells example is proximal and distal tubules of kidney, and salivary gland ducts

Question 41

mitochondria provide energy for functioning basal folds and active transport

Question 42

the presence of the basal folds and mitochondria orientation together form

Answer 42

striated appearance at basal aspect example Striated ducts of salivary gland

Question 43

junctional complex has 3 components

Answer 43

occluding junctions, anchoring junctions, communicating junctions

Question 44

cell to cell adhesions are called what in a LM

Answer 44

terminal bar