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Histology > Epithelium > Flashcards

Epithelium Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

Location of epithelial tissue

A

_Exterior surface _lines intestinal cavities _Secretory portion of glands & ducts

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2
Q

Characteristics of epithelial tissue

A

_Mainly has an exposed free surface _cells are close together and have strong adhesion _Avascular: get nutrients through diffusion

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3
Q

Apical Layer

A

_Touches the external aspect of the layer _Where secretory vesicles are located

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4
Q

Microvilli

A

_Core formed by actin filaments bound by actin binding proteins _Anchored by lateral anchoring proteins (myosin I) to villin

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5
Q

Villin

A

Amorphous apex that the actin filament are anchored to

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6
Q

Stereocilia

A

_Modified microvilli _Actin filament core _long (sometimes branching) projections _absorption in epididymus, sensory receptors in the cochlea

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7
Q

Cilia

A

_Move substances along the surface of the epithelium _Made up of axoneme and a basal body base

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8
Q

Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia

A

_Genetic defect causing malformation of cilia skeleton _Uncoordinated or absent cilia beating _Signs: Dextrocardia, impaired skull air sinuses, lack of mucus removal from lungs, infertility

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9
Q

Lateral Domain

A

Defined by the presence of cell junctions

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10
Q

Terminal bars

A

Junctional complexes visible with a microscope

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11
Q

Occluding cell junctions

A

_Typically apical portion of cell _ form sealing strands of transmembrane proteins of 2 adj cells _Typically in cells with secretory or absorption role

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12
Q

Zonula occludens

A

_Only type of occluding junction _Virtually impermeable

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13
Q

Anchoring cell junctions

A

_Provides mechanical strength and stability _Connects adj cells’ cytoskeletons

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14
Q

Adherens

A

_Anchoring junctions (Zonula & Macula)

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15
Q

Zonula adherens

A

_belt-like junction that connect actin filaments _Actin-binding proteins: vinculin & _-actinin _Catenin (peripheral protein) _ Transmembrane link protein (part of Cadherin family)

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16
Q

Cadherin Family

A

_Ca__ dependent protein that plays in important role in cell behavior control _Loss of protein associated with metastasis

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17
Q

Macula Adherens

A

_Aka desmosome _Connects intermediate filaments _provides mechanical strength, particularly in skin _Desmoplakin: the intercellular plaque that the filaments of thru _Cadherins: transmembrane proteins

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18
Q

Pemphigus

A

Autoimmune disease that attacks the desmosomes, preventing normal adhesion_causes blistering and skin falling apart

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19
Q

Gap Junctions

A

_Allow diffusion of small molecules and ions b/t cytoplasm of adj cells for communication _Intercellular channels: where diffusion occurs _Connexons: pair forms a channel _Connexins: protein subunit (6=1connexon) _Typically occur in patches

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20
Q

Basal Domain

A

_Faces the basement membrane _interacts with underlying tissue _Basement membrane + Anchoring junctions

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21
Q

Basement membrane

A

_Separates epithelium from underlying connective tissue _Basal lamina + Reticular lamina

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22
Q

Basal lamina

A

_Most external layer _Mostly collagen type IV and laminin

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23
Q

Reticular lamina

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A

_Deeper layer _Mostly thin collagen fibers

24
Q

Basement membrane anchoring junctions

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A

_Focal adhesions _Hemidesmosome

25
Focal adhesions
_Attach *actin* cytoskeleton to extracellular matrix _ Actin-binding proteins (Vinculin, _-actinin) attach to MF _Peripheral protein (talin): actin-binding protein to transmembrane protein _Transmembrane protein (integrin family)
26
Hemidesmosome
_Connects *intermediate* filaments _Desmoplakin: the intermediate plaque that attaches to the ends of the IFs _Transmembrane protein (integrin family)
27
Simple squamous
_Used as barrier, diffusion of oxygen/CO_ _Lining of vascular system, body cavities, parietal layer of Bowman's capsule, alveoli
28
Endothelium
_Special simple squamous _lines the inner blood vessel walls and the heart
29
Mesothelium
_Special simple squamous _covers internal organs
30
Simple Cuboidal
_Barries (ducts), secretion (thyroid), absorption (kidney) _walls of ducts, kidney tubules, germinal epithelium of ovary, thyroid follicles
31
Simple Columnar
_Non-ciliated: GI tract, gallbladder _Ciliated: oviduct lining _Can have striated(microvilli) border _Absorption, secretion, lubrication, transport
32
Pseudostratified columnar
_Basal cells: rounded cells that do not reach the apical surface _Ciliated: found in respiratory tract _Non-ciliated: has stereocilia, found in epididymus (absorption)
33
Stratified squamous
_Barrier _Keratinized: nucleus-lacking epithelial cells on apical side _Non-Keratinized: GI and vagina
34
Stratified cuboidal
_Barrier/conduit _sweat glands
35
Stratified columnar
_barrier, conduit _Larger ducts of glands (parotid/submandibular salivary glands)
36
Transitional
_aka urothelium _only found in urinary system _has ability to stretch and relax
37
Endocrine
_product *diffuses* to the intercellular space/underlying connective tissue _No ducts
38
Exocrine
Secrete into ducts/spaces lined with epithelium
39
Unicellular glands
Individual secretory cells within non-secretory epithelium
40
Multicellular glands
_Glands composed of more than one cell _Secretory + duct
41
Alveolar/Acinar gland
Shaped like a flask
42
Tubular gland
Shaped like a tube (often mucous)
43
Tubuloalveolar gland
Tube with a flask-shaped dilation
44
Myoepithelial gland
_Contractile cells with contractile proteins (myosin) _contract to expel secretions out of gland _Sweat, salivary, mammary gland
45
Merocrine gland
_Membrane bound vesicles take substances to plasma membrane (exocytosis)
46
Serous product
_Thin, watery, protein-rich secretion _Acini are more rounded in shape _Pancreas/parotid salivary gland
47
Mucous product
_Made of mucins: long chains of negatively charged carbs attached to a protein core _Lubrication and protection _Acini typically tubular _Goblet cells, soft palate glands, Brunner's gland
48
Seromucous gland
_Both serous and mucous product _have mucous tubules capped with serous demilunes
49
Apocrine
_Pinching of apical cytoplasm _Mammary glands
50
Holocrine
_Whole cell goes through apoptosis to realize all contents _Sebaceous glands of the skin
51
Carcinoma
Cancer from barrier epithelium
52
Adenocarcinoma
Cancer from glandular epithelium
53
Goblet Cells
Unicellular mucous glands present in GI tract and trachea, pale granular cytoplasm/arrowhead-shaped nuclei
54
Crypts of Lieberkühn
Simple, tubular glands that extend to the lumen
55
Brunner's gland
Branched tubular glands in the submucosa of the duodenum

Histology (8 decks)

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