Epithelium and glands w/out images

Question 1

epithelial cells form _______ with little extracellular space between cells

Answer 1

contiguous sheets

Question 2

epithelial cells cover and line all

Answer 2

body surfaces and celomic body cavities

Question 3

Epithelial cells adhere firmly to adjacent cells using cell adhesion molecules that form _________ to prevent the tearing of the epithelium

Answer 3

specialized cell-cell junction

Question 4

endothelial cells adhere firmly to the underlying _______ using adhesion molecules

Answer 4

connective tissue

Question 5

extracellular matrix

Answer 5

basement membrane

Question 6

epithelia are _______; blood vessels that nourish the epithelium are located in the ______ connective tissue

Answer 6

epithelia are avascular; blood vessels that nourish the epithelium are located in the subjacent connective tissue

Question 7

epithelium cells have ample

Answer 7

nerve endings

Question 8

epithelium have a high capacity for renewal by _______ especially in epithelia that are subjected to wear and tear such as skin.

Answer 8

stem cells

Question 9

epithelium cells are diverse, derived from (3) germ layers

Answer 9

(1) ectoderm
(2) mesoderm
(3) endoderm

Question 10

epithelia have a free

Answer 10

apical surface

Question 11

epithelial cells exhibit polarization, having _______ ______ with the apical surface being specialized with ________ while the basal surface is specialized for _______ and the lateral specialized for ________

Answer 11

epithelial cells exhibit polarization, having apical-basal polarity with the apical surface being specialized with cilia while the basal surface is specialized for adhesion and the lateral specialized for cell-cell junctions

Question 12

epithelia are characterized by specific intermediate filaments _________

Answer 12

cytokeratins

Question 13

Functions of epithelia depend on their

Answer 13

structures

Question 14

epidermis of the skin provides mechanical protection, waterproofing and insulation

Answer 14

protection

Question 15

many epithelial cells contain specialized surfaces such as cilia; in the trachea, cilia move mucus away from the lungs toward the oral cavity

Answer 15

surface transport

Question 16

epithelial cells often have the ability to absorb molecules from their surroundings; epithelial linning of the small intestine

Answer 16

absorption

Question 17

cells throughout the body are able to secrete products they synthesize for utilization nearby, such as the secretion of mucus by goblet cells throughout the intestinal tract

Answer 17

Secretion

Question 18

certain epithelial cells are involved in _______, such as those lining the nasal cavity, which are responsible for olfaction

Answer 18

sensory reception

Question 19

some epithelial cells take products from the apical surface and move them across their cytoplasm for transport across the basolateral surfaces

Answer 19

Trans-epithelial transport

Question 20

one layer and is found in tissues that are not subjected to extensive wear and tear

Answer 20

simple

Question 21

simple epithelium is specialized for

Answer 21

absorption and secretion

Question 22

example of simple layer

Answer 22

endothelium of blood vessels, mesothelium of celomic cavities, alveoli in the lungs

Question 23

consists of many layers that are subjected to wear and tear

Answer 23

stratified epithelium

Question 24

examples of stratified epithelium

Answer 24

skin, oral cavity, esophagus, anal canal, and vagina

Question 25

epithelium cells have (3) shapes

Answer 25

(1) squamous (2) cuboidal (3) columnar

Question 26

which are wider than they are tall, thin, flat and scale-like

Answer 26

squamous

Question 27

which are approx. equal in height and width, are more or less square-shaped in vertical section

Answer 27

cuboidal

Question 28

taller than they are wide

Answer 28

columnar

Question 29

specialized for filtration, diffusion, osmosis, and secretion

Answer 29

simple squamous epithelium

Question 30

example of simple squamous epithelium

Answer 30

can be found in the heart and vessels including both blood and lymph vessels

Question 31

if the simple squamous epithelium is found in blood vessels then it is

Answer 31

endothelium

Question 32

if the simple squamous epithelium is found lining body cavities and covering mesentery

Answer 32

mesothelium

Question 33

layer of dead tissue

Answer 33

stratum corneum

Question 34

layers consists of squamous epithelial cells that have undergone apoptosis, leaving behind only a keratin-rich and filled dead cell layer; nuclei and other organelles are absent

Answer 34

stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium (SSKE)

Question 35

occurs in both thick and thin skin

Answer 35

SSKE

Question 36

found in less wear-prone areas such as the oral cavity, esophagus, anal canal and vagina

Answer 36

SSNKE

Question 37

cells produce less keratin and apical squamous cells do not lose their nuclei

Answer 37

stratified squamous non-keratinizing epithelium

Question 38

single layer that are specialized for secretion and/or absorption

Answer 38

simple cuboidal

Question 39

where is simple cuboidal found?

Answer 39

kidney tubules, glandular ducts, ovaries, and the thyroid gland

Question 40

composed multiple layers of cuboidal cells

Answer 40

stratified cuboidal epithelium

Question 41

Example of stratified cuboidal epithelium

Answer 41

found in the ducts of different glands, such as sweat, mammary and salivary gland

Question 42

epithelium that may be specialized for secretion and/or absorption. these cells may be ciliated

Answer 42

simple columnar

Question 43

examples of simple columnar

Answer 43

absorptive cells of the small intestine

Question 44

composed of two or more layers of cells with columnar surface cells

Answer 44

stratified columnar epithelium

Question 45

where can the stratified columnar be found?

Answer 45

in the ocular conjunctiva of the eye, parts of the pharynx and anus, and the male urethra

Question 46

what do stratified columnar participate in?

Answer 46

secretion and protection

Question 47

consists of a layer of cells that all are in contact with a basement membrane; however, not all cells reach the luminal surface

Answer 47

pseudostratified epithelium

Question 48

pseudostratified epithelium specialized for protection and also have protected ____________________

Answer 48

basal (stem) cell niche

Question 49

organ that contains pseudostratified epithelium

Answer 49

trachea

Question 50

transitional epithelium also called

Answer 50

urothelium

Question 51

specialized for distension (stretching) and contraction to accommodate the changes in volume of urinary organs

Answer 51

transitional epithelium

Question 52

why are umbrella cells called like that?

Answer 52

because of their shape since their basal extensions penetrate between other cells

Question 53

single cells or group of cells, which are specialized for secretion

Answer 53

glands

Question 54

glands secrete onto an organ/body surface via ducts

Answer 54

exocrine glands

Question 55

they secrete into the surrounding interstitium where the secretions can enter the blood and be delivered to other parts of the body

Answer 55

endocrine glands

Question 56

example of unicellular

Answer 56

goblet cells in intestinal or respiratory epithelium

Question 57

example of multicellular

Answer 57

majority of glands

Question 58

having ducts that do not branch

Answer 58

simple glands

Question 59

defined as having ducts that branch repeatedly to form a branched tree

Answer 59

compound gland

Question 60

form terminal tubular secretory pieces

Answer 60

tubular glands

Question 61

form terminal rounded, grape-shaped, secretory pieces

Answer 61

acinar glands

Question 62

produce watery, serum-like secretions that contain various proteins, including enzymes, enzyme precursors, and antimicrobials

Answer 62

serous glands

Question 63

produce viscous, sticky secretions that aid in lubrication and trapping pathogens

Answer 63

mucous glands

Question 64

three mode of secretions

Answer 64

(1) merocrine (2) apocrine (3) holocrine

Question 65

mode whereby cells secrete their products by exocytosis

Answer 65

merocrine

Question 66

method by which goblet cells release mucous secretions

Answer 66

merocrine

Question 67

involves the decapitation of the apical portion of the cell membrane; in this mode, a portion of the cytoplasm and cell membrane are also released with the secretory product

Answer 67

apocrine

Question 68

mammary glans, lipid components of milk released by

Answer 68

apocrine secretion

Question 69

achieved by apoptosis of the secreting cell thus releasing the whole of the cell's contents

Answer 69

holocrine

Question 70

secretion that occurs in the sebaceous glands

Answer 70

holocrine secretion

Question 71

basal bodies

Answer 71

cilia and flagellum

Question 72

TRUE OR FALSE: all epithelia contain keratin intermediates

Answer 72

true!

Question 73

occludins + claudins

Answer 73

zonula occludens

Question 74

e-cadherins

Answer 74

zonula adherins

Question 75

desmosomes

Answer 75

macula adherens

Question 76

connexins-tetraspans intercellular junction

Answer 76

gap junctions

Question 77

basal lamina contains what type of collagen?

Answer 77

type IV collagen

Question 78

anchoring fibrils contain what type of collagen?

Answer 78

collagen VII

Question 79

basket cells/pseudostratified

Answer 79

myoepithelial cells