EQ1 Regeneration

Question 1

How has Ascot’s administrative function changed over time?
- Facility expansion

Answer 1

Ascot has expanded its physical footprint over the years, leading to changes in the administrative management of its geographical space. This includes the construction of new buildings, grandstands and the facilities to accommodate larger clouds and diverse events.

Question 2

How has Ascot’s administrative function changed over time?
- Management of infrastructure

Answer 2

The administrative function oversees the management of infrastructure within the Ascot premises, including roads, pathways, utilities and landscaping- ensuring the venue is well maintained and accessible to visitors and participants.

Question 3

How has Ascot’s administrative function changed over time?
- Security and Safety

Answer 3

Implementing security measures and safety protocols to ensure the well-being of attendees and the protection of property within the grounds. Such as- coordinating with local authorities and security personnel to manage crowd control, traffic flow, and emergency response.

Question 4

How has Ascot’s administrative function changed over time?
- Environmental Stewardship

Answer 4

• Landscaping, waste management, conservation efforts. This includes preserving green spaces, minimising environmental impact, and the promotion of sustainability.

Question 5

How has Ascot’s commercial function changed over time?
- Diversification of revenue streams

Answer 5

Beyond horse racing to include activities such as- hospitality, events hosting, sponsorship deals and merchandise sales. This has enabled Ascot to generate income from multiple sources, and reducing single-reliance on race-day revenues.

Question 6

How has Ascot’s commercial function changed over time?
- Technological Advancements

Answer 6

Online ticketing systems, digital marketing strategies, and data analytics for customer engagement and revenue optimisation.

Question 7

How has Ascot’s commercial function changed over time?
- Globalisation and Brand expansion

Answer 7

Ascot has expanded its brand internationally- attracting visitors, participants and sponsors globally. This has opened partnerships with international companies and hosting events around the world.

Question 8

How has Ascot’s commercial function changed over time?
- Sponsorship and partnerships

Answer 8

Ascot has formed strategic partnerships with corporate brands, luxury retailers, and financial institutions to promote their products and services, increasing the quality of customer experience.

Question 9

How has Ascot’s industrial function changed over time?

Answer 9

Transition from rural to urban- shifted from a primarily rural economy, based on agriculture and small-scale manufacturing, to a more urbanised landscape.

Question 10

Industrial function of Ascot- What’s been the impact of the change?

Answer 10

Impact of urbanisation- due to its proximity to London, its status as a commuter town has likely influenced the place by attracting businesses and residents seeking a suburban lifestyle and higher employment opportunities.

Question 11

Industrial function of Ascot- How has Ascot’s service sector grown?

Answer 11

Growth of its service sector- increase in industries such as retail, hospitality, healthcare, education, and professional services. Due to its close proximity to London and presence of Ascot racecourse, it’s become a hub for tourism.

Question 12

How has Ascot’s retail changed?
- Local shops and markets

Answer 12

Local shops and markets - in the early 20th century, it may have had a more localized landscape, consisting of small shops markets and businesses to meet the needs and expectations of local residents. These shops would have provided essential goods and services for living.

Question 13

How has Ascot’s retail changed?
- High street

Answer 13

Transformation of Ascot high street - traditional shops may have been replaced by
boutiques, cafes, restaurants, and retailers

Question 14

How has Ascot’s retail changed?
- Leisure and Hospitality

Answer 14

The growth of leisure and hospitality - the development of restaurants, cafes and bars to make it an appealing destination for shopping and dining

Question 15

How has Newham’s administrative function changed over time?
- urban developments, population growth and regeneration

Answer 15

• Urban development, such as the construction of housing estates, commercial developments, transportation infrastructure, and public amenities. It’s had to adapt to manage the planning, zoning and regulation of these developments to ensure for sustainable growth and urban quality.
• Population growth and diversity has significantly changed, driven by immigration, migration and natural population growth. The area has had to provide services to support residents from diverse cultural, ethnic, and socioeconomic backgrounds.
  Regeneration and redevelopment - to address deprivation and social inequalities.

Question 16

How has Newham’s industrial function changed over time?
Early industrialisation

Answer 16

• early industrialisation, (in the early 20th century, Newham was characterised by its role in London’s industrial economy, with numerous factories, warehouses and manufacturing facilities operating along the River Thames and areas such as Canning town and Custom house.

Question 17

How has Newham’s industrial function changed over time?
Decline of traditional industries

Answer 17

decline of heavy/traditional industries, (factors such as deindustrialization, globalisation, technological advancements, and changes in consumer preferences led to the closure of many factories)

Question 18

How has Newham’s industrial function changed over time?
Regeneration and Development

Answer 18

• regeneration and development, ( the conversion of derelict industrial buildings into residential, commercial, and cultural spaces and the creation of new recreational amenities) emergence of new industries, logistics and transportation, and social and environmental considerations.

Question 19

How has Newham’s commercial function changed over time?
- transportation and leisure/hospitality

Answer 19

1) transportation and connectivity - its strategic location and transportation infrastructure such as the London underground, and proximity to London city airport, have made it a key commercial hub within London’s metropolitan area. This has facilitated commerce, trade and business activity.
2) Hospitality and leisure - expanded to include hospitality leisure and entertainment offerings, particularly around royal docks and Stratford to include hotels bars and restaurants.

Question 20

How has Newham’s retail function changed over time?

Answer 20

Retail - rise of department stores, shift to suburban shopping centres, impact of urban renewal, emergence of online retail, diversification of retail offerings and changes in traditional markets and local shops.

Question 21

Define gentrification

Answer 21

The process whereby the character of a poor urban area is changed by wealthier people moving in, improving housing, and attracting new businesses, often displacing current inhabitants in the process.

Question 22

Gentrification in Ascot

Answer 22

Windsor and Maidenhead- Has barley seen any gentrification at all. This is mostly because the areas are known for their affluent residents and high property values, therefore the process of gentrification is not very pronounced.

Question 23

Gentrification in Newham
- level of it
- examples of what newham has benefited from (2)

Answer 23

The borough of Newham has experienced significant gentrification in certain areas. One study found it has seen the highest level of gentrification of all outer London Boroughs. There have been several projects such as the regeneration of the Stratford driven by the Olympic Park for the 2012 Olympics. Newham has benefited from the Jubilee line extension (This has increased investment in people buying homes and renovating them). Many community centres or hubs have been knocked down and replaced with apartments

Question 24

Age structure of Windsor and maidenhead- 2021

Answer 24

majority- 40-49 years
minority- 80+ years

Question 25

Age structure of Newham- 2021

Answer 25

majority- 30-39 minority- 80+ significantly smaller in relatively to other ages and Ascot (more people but a smaller percentage)

Question 26

How old were most people in 1998 in Newham and Ascot?

Answer 26

Ascot- 50 Newham- 30

Question 27

How old were most people in 2008 in Newham and Ascot?

Answer 27

Ascot- 30-40 Newham- 20-30

Question 28

How old were most people in 2018 in Newham and Ascot?

Answer 28

Ascot- 40-50 Newham- 28-35

Question 29

From 2011-2021 what was this biggest age group increase in Windsor/maidenhead?

Answer 29

50-64- increased by 2.3%

Question 30

From 2011 what was the biggest age group increase in Newham?

Answer 30

35-49- increased by 3.4%

Question 31

2011 vs 2021 asian ethnicity % in Windsor/maindehead

Answer 31

2011- 9.6% 2021- 13.1%

Question 32

2011 vs 2021 white ethnicity % in Newham

Answer 32

2011- 29% 2021- 30.8%

Question 33

What has the largest ethnicity % in Newham been between 2011 and 2021?

Answer 33

Asian 2011- 43.5% 2021- 42.2%

Question 34

what has been the largest ethnicity % in windsor/maidenhead between 2011-2021

Answer 34

white 2011- 86.1% 2021- 79.8%

Question 35

How can reason for chang in Ascot be explained by physical factors?

Answer 35

River Thames runs through the southern part of the borough

Question 36

How can reason for change in Ascot be explained by Accessibility factors? - what motorways is it close to? rail stations and A roads - proximity to London

Answer 36

Close to the M3 and M25. The M4 motorway runs through the south of the borough. There are also significant ‘A’ roads locally, with the road network designed to make access to either London or the South Coast an easy prospect. Mainline railway stations go to London waterloo Close to London Heathrow airport and London Gatwick Due to Windsor and Maidenhead being on the commuter lien to London. This has led to it attracting commuters.

Question 37

Howe can reason for change in Ascot be explained by connectedness?

Answer 37

Cultural heritage through having Windsor Castle etc. has increased tourism in the area. In a technological sense some areas have 5G whilst some areas only have 4G.

Question 38

How can reason for change in Ascot be explained by the role of local planning? - green belt - how many new houses are provided per year?

Answer 38

As some areas in Windsor and Maidenhead are in the green belt where no development can take place means that it planning for houses in the area is limited. However, the borough has planned 14 240 new dwellings between the period of 2013 to 2033. Which is roughly providing 772 new houses a year.

Question 39

How can change in Ascot be explained by historical development?

Answer 39

River Thames- served as a trading point and crossing point Windsor Castle Ascot race course Suburbanization of London’s commuter belt

Question 40

How can reason for change in Newham be explained by accessibility?

Answer 40

London underground, Docklands light railway (DLR), connecting it to other areas of London London city airport is located within Newham. A13 Providing links into central London and Essex Santander bicycles can be found here. Improved accessibility of Newham has led to it attracting a skilled workforce. Causing changes to its function and demographics.

Question 41

How can reason for change in Newham be explained by physical factors?

Answer 41

Situated next to the river Thames. The Royal Docks were once one of the largest and busiest ports in the area. The docks facilitated trade, industry and employment, shaping the economic Landscape. Containerization and changes in shipping practices led to the decline of the Royal docks. Leading to their closure in the 1980s.

Question 42

How can reason for change in Newham be explained by connectedness?

Answer 42

In a technological sense of all of the borough has 5G

Question 43

How can reason for change in Newham be explained by national planning ? - how many homes were built because of this event? - how many of which were affordable? (approx)

Answer 43

The borough of Newham was part of national planning due to the London Olympics. For example, the athlete’s village for the 2012 Olympics provided 2,818 new homes with 1,379 being affordable.

Question 44

How can reason for change in Newham be explained by local planning?

Answer 44

The borough is planning for 43 000 new homes between 2018 and 2033. 39% will have three or more bedrooms. Between 35% and 50% of all housing developments of 10 or more will be affordable housing.

Question 45

How can reason for change in Newham be explained by historical development?

Answer 45

People were initially attracted to the area due to fertile soil near the river Thames. The boom and bust of the royal docks attracted businesses and led to rapid urbanization. The area was targeted during WW2 The Becontree Eastate- one of the largest council housing developments in the world at the time. The London 2012 Olympics changed the area of Newham again.

Question 46

people with a Degree level of education- Ascot vs Newham (contrasting)

Answer 46

Ascot- 39.5% Newham- 15.5% Ascot have a higher level of education than Newham.

Question 47

Economic activity in Ascot vs Newham (contrasting)

Answer 47

Ascot- 80.8% Newham- 65.5%

Question 48

Residency less than 2 years in Ascot vs Newham (contrasting)

Answer 48

Ascot- 2.2% Newham- 19.8% Newham has more people living in a house for less than 2 years

Question 49

People aged 18-64 living in one house in Ascot vs Newham (similarity)

Answer 49

Ascot- 7.5% Newham- 8.5%

Question 50

Real estate activity in Ascot vs Newham (similarity)

Answer 50

Ascot- 1.8% Newham- 1.3%

Question 51

How have regional, national and global influences shaped the characteristics of Ascot?

Answer 51

Physical characteristics- River Thames allowed for trade etc. Transport connections- Motorways (M25, M4, M3) and major A roads link into London. Institutional connections- Royal family Industry- Service sector jobs Ascot is located at the eastern end of the M4 corridor. The M4 corridor provides access to a wide variety of technological companies for jobs, as well as easy access to universities such as Royal Holloway, Reading University and at the western end, Bath, Bristol, Cardiff and Swansea universities. Ascot racecourse, and particularly Royal Ascot, attract spectators from all over the UK (and the world) Windsor, with its royal connections and rich history are also tourist honeypots both for UK and international visitors. There are a number of TNC regional headquarters located in Bracknell where employees will visit for business purposes. The racecourse in Ascot is one of the most famous sporting arenas in the world due to the annual Royal Ascot race meeting. Horses and riders travel from locations around the world to race here. The sponsors for large events at Ascot tend to be well known international brands.

Question 52

How have regional, national and global influences shaped the characteristics of Newham? physical, transport, industry and National policy

Answer 52

1) Physical characteristics- these included being located near fresh water or being in strategic locations e.g. Royal Docks in Newham, allowed for each trade access to Europe 2) Transport connections- Newham has many transport connections see above. Institutional connections- University of East London 3)Industry- the industry has changed in Newham from the main industry being in the docks to now more service sector 4) National policy- the Right to buy scheme reduced the availability of social housing stock leading to less affordable housing. The London 2012 Olympics led to a massive regeneration project. The National policies of free school meals for primary children has impacted Newham. With a high proportion of children from low income families. The cross rail project will improve transport across London. London city airport- direct flights to Europe Newham has the fastest growing business base of all London boroughs in 2022. London Olympic park- Stadium Deindustrialization of the docs led to a massive decline