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Large Animal Gas > Equine 1-2 > Flashcards

Equine 1-2 Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

Most esophageal obstructions occur here

A

proximal esophagus

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2
Q

Most common clinical sign of choke

A

nasal discharge

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3
Q

Diagnosis of esophageal obstruction

A

Left side of esophagus palpation

Resistance of nasogastric tube

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4
Q

First thing to do with esophageal obstruction

A

Sedation

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5
Q

Esophageal obstruction ways to resolve

A

gentle passage of stomach tube
Lavage with warm water
Buscopan: antispasmodic

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6
Q

Esophageal obstruction management

A

NSAID
slow return to normal diet
antibiotics

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7
Q

Most common type of esophageal neoplasia

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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8
Q

Most common cause of GI pain

A

distension of a viscus

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9
Q

Most common type of colic

A

large intestine non strangulating

  • gas/spasmodic
  • large colon impaction
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10
Q

Subtle signs of colic

A

anorexia
laying down more
decrease poops

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11
Q

Moderate signs of colic

A

pawing
stretching
flank watching
abdominal distenstion

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12
Q

Severe sign of colic

A

Rolling
Thrashing
Cast
Facial abrasions

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13
Q

Severe pain replaced by depression may be caused by

A

rupture

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14
Q

When do you take temperature of horse

A

before rectal exam

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15
Q

When do you take HR

A

before sedation

very important

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16
Q

when do you use Nasogastric intubation

A

every moderate to severe colic

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17
Q

What is considered a significant amount of reflux

A

greater than 2 L

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18
Q

When should you preform an abdominocentesis

A

only if the results would change the plan of action

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19
Q

what does abdominocentesis differentiate between

A

strangulating and non strangulating SI

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20
Q

How do you determine if there is strangulation from an abdominocentesis

A

Lactate levels >2x that of plasma

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21
Q

Initial therapy for colic

A

analgesic

Fluid

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22
Q

What kind of analgesics do you give

A

NSAID, a2 agonists, opioids, buscopan

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23
Q

What is the NSAID of choice

A

Banamine

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24
Q

Fluid therapy option

A

Enternal
IV
Laxatives

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25
When do you use enternal fluids
most cases | unless >2L of reflux
26
When do you use IV fluids
Reflux Severe pain Dehydration
27
When do you use laxatives
Sand....because horses eat sand. how do these things still exist? oo shopping bag! PANIC and colic. ok that's all
28
what is Equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS)
a thing in racehorses, usually asymptomatic
29
EGUS clinical signs
asymptomatic usually decrease performance colic after meal anorexic
30
EGUS diagnosis
Gastroscopy | -squamous vs. glandular
31
Where is the most common place of ulcer
squamous mucosa along lesser curvature
32
How do most EGUS drugs work
Increase gastric pH | Decrease gastric acid secretion
33
Most common protein pump inhibitors
omeprazole
34
Gastroduodenal ulcer disease (GDUD) is usually seen in
late suckling early weaning aged foals
35
How is GDUD different from EGUS
GDUD: foals less than 6 months outflow obstruction Use contrast radiography
36
Causes of non strangulating colic
Intraluminal obstructions large colon displacements gas/spasmodic colic
37
Ileal impaction characteristics
South east US | coastal Bermuda grass hay
38
Ileal impaction clinical findings
moderate to severe pain distended small intestine Reflux Peritoneal fluid
39
how would you differentiate ileal impaction from SI strangulation rupture
Ab tap Peritoneal fluid would be normal Lactate similar to plasma
40
Treatment for ileal impaction
gastric decompression withdrawal of feed/water analgesics/ IV Surgical
41
Characteristics of cecal impaction
spontaneous in any horse | Rare
42
Cecal impaction clinical findings
variable degree of pain usually no reflux Normal peritoneal fluid Rectal exam - cecal distension
43
Treatment of cecal impaction
withdrawal of feed enternal laxatives IV Surgery
44
Large colon impaction characteristics
Caused by feed and sand
45
Where do most large colon impactions occur
in the large colon...... | pelvic flexure
46
Large colon impaction clinical signs
Mild-mod pain decreased poops Rectal exam
47
Treatment of large colon impaction
withdrawal of feed enternal fluids laxatives
48
Small colon impaction clinical signs
colic abdominal distention diarrhea happens during the winter
49
Diagnosis of small colon impaction
rectal exam | gritty material on glove
50
Enterolith characteristics
calculi within the intestine | Arabian horses
51
Enterolith risk factors
high protein diet | California
52
Enterolith clinical findings
mild to mod pain Normal rectal exam Radiograph
53
Enterolith treatment
surgery | Restrict alfalfa
54
Large colon displacement characteristics
left or right dorsal | Similar to nonstrangulating LC obstruction
55
Left dorsal displacement
nephrosplenic entrapment | Rectal exam
56
Left dorsal displacement treatment
Phenylephrine and exercise | Surgery
57
Right dorsal displacement
pelvic flexure moves cranially | Gas distension of LC
58
Treatment for right dorsal displacement
Fluid Limited exercise Surgery
59
Treatment for all strangulating obstructions
surgery
60
SI strangulation clinical findings
``` acute severe pain Tachy Toxemia Hemoconcentration High volume reflux abnormal peritoneal fluid ```
61
SI strangulation possible lesions
``` Volvulus incarceration Intestinal adhesions intussusception (younger horses) Pedunculated lipoma (older horses) ```
62
large colon volvulus characteristics
occurs at base Broodmares severe colic
63
large colon volvulus clinical findings
``` severe abdominal pain Sever tachy Toxemia LC gas distention no reflux ```
64
Large colon volvulus treatment
immediate surgery

Large Animal Gas (5 decks)

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