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Large Animal Gas > Ruminant Diarrhea > Flashcards

Ruminant Diarrhea Flashcards

1
Q

How do you group neonatal diarrhea

A

By age

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2
Q

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) characteristics

A

Major cause of calf mortality
Hypersecretory
STa is most important toxin in calves

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3
Q

ETEC clinical signs

A

1-7 days of age

Diarrhea dehydration

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4
Q

ETEC lab data

A

Metabolic acidosis
Electrolyte derangement
Alkaline fecal pH

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5
Q

ETEC diagnosis

A

Age
Clin signs
Lab date
Fecal isolation of E. coli

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6
Q

ETEC prevention

A

Clean environment

Colostrum

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7
Q

Rotavirus characteristics

A

Short incubation
Calves <2 weeks
Severity related to age
Similar to E. coli

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8
Q

Rotavirus pathophysiology

A

Small intestine
Villous tips
Net secretion

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9
Q

Rotavirus clinical signs

A 
Variable
Age determines severity 
Lethargy dehydration
Low appetites
Fever
Diarrhea
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10
Q

Rotavirus diagnosis

A

Electron microscopy
ELISA
Acidic fecal pH

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11
Q

Rotavirus prevention

A

Highly infectious/contagious
Phenol-based disinfect
Vaccination of dry cows

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12
Q

Coronavirus characteristics

A

Older calves
Small intestine and colon
Jejunal villi
1-25% mortality

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13
Q

Coronavirus clinical signs

A 
Depression
Diarrhea
Dehydration 
Feces has clear mucus
Lasts 7 days
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14
Q

Coronavirus diagnosis

A

Fecal tests
ELISA
She’d by heathy cattle
FA test of tissues

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15
Q

Coronavirus prevention

A

Environmental management
Vaccination
Colostrum

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16
Q

Salmonellosis characteristics

A

Feco-oral rout
Distal small intestine, cecum, colon
Calves commonly bacteremic

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17
Q

Salmonellosis clinical signs

A

4 to >14 days
Fever
Diarrhea
-bloody

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18
Q

Salmonellosis lab data

A 
WBC 
-left shift/toxicity
Dehydration 
Metabolic acidosis
Decreased sodium/chloride
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19
Q

Salmonellosis diagnosis

A

Blood culture
Fecal culture
Necropsy

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20
Q

Salmonellosis prevention

A

Environmental hygiene

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21
Q

Crypto characteristics

A

5-15days
High morbidity
Low mortality
Fecal oral

22
Q

Crypto clinical signs

A

non specific
Dehydration
Resolves after 7 days

23
Q

Crypto diagnosis

A

Acid fast staining

24
Q

Attaching and effacing E. coli

A 
Variable age
Produce cytotoxins
-intestinal damage
Blood in feces
Malabsorption, maldigestion, protein loss
25
Q

Coccidiosis

A

Eimeria

2-4 months

26
Q

Coccidiosis clinical signs

A

Loose feces
Dull hair
Wont thrive
Can have bloody diarrhea

27
Q

Coccidiosis diagnosis

A

Fecal float

28
Q

Clostridium perfringens

A

Calves <14 days

29
Q

C. Perfringens clinical signs

A 
Abdominal distention 
Cholic
Lethargy
Dehydration
Diarrhea
-low vol, bloody
CNS signs
30
Q

C. perfringens diagnosis

A

Clinical sings

Toxin identification

31
Q

C. Perfringens treatment

A

Antibiotics

32
Q

% dehydration of recumbent calves

A

12-15%

33
Q

% dehydration of weak calves

A

8-12%

34
Q

% dehydration of ambulatory calves

A

5-8%

35
Q

Salmonella in cows

A

Most common cause of diarrhea

Direct/indirect transmission

36
Q

Why is S. Dublin special

A

Vertical transmission

37
Q

Salmonella clinical signs

A

Highly variable

3-20 days

38
Q

S. Dublin clinical signs

A

Localize in mammary gland, lung, uterus, fetus

39
Q

Salmonella acute cases

A 
Drop in milk
Fever
Lethargy
Watery fetid diarrhea
Abortion
40
Q

Salmonella diagnosis

A

Bacterial culture

Rectal biopsy

41
Q

Salmonella treatment

A

Fluid

NSAID

42
Q

Winter dysentery characteristics

A

Explosive outbreaks of diarrhea between October and April
Coronavirus
Highly morbitiy Low mortality
Highly contagious

43
Q

Water dysentery clinical signs

A

Fever
Acute fetid watery diarrhea
Decreased appietite
Resolve in 5 days

44
Q

Johne’s disease characteristics

A

Chronic diarrhea
Weight loss
Infection early in life
2-6 year clinical onset

45
Q

johne’s clinical signs

A

Chronic intermittent diarrhea
Decrease milk
Weight loss
Edema

46
Q

Johne’s diagnosis

A

MAP: herd
PCR: individual

47
Q

Johne’s control

A

Biosecurity

Manure control

48
Q

Preventions of johne’s

A

Clean things
Colostrum management
proper calf rearing
Clean water

49
Q

Bovine virus diarrhea

A

Sero-negative immunocompetent animals

Not previously exposed

50
Q

Acute mucosal disease

A

Infected in utero
Fever lethargy anorexia
Profuse watery diarrhea

51
Q

Chronic mucosal disease

A

Acute onset of watery diarrhea

Large Animal Gas (5 decks)

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