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Large Animal Gas > Ruminant Diarrhea > Flashcards

Ruminant Diarrhea Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

How do you group neonatal diarrhea

A

By age

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2
Q

Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) characteristics

A

Major cause of calf mortality
Hypersecretory
STa is most important toxin in calves

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3
Q

ETEC clinical signs

A

1-7 days of age

Diarrhea dehydration

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4
Q

ETEC lab data

A

Metabolic acidosis
Electrolyte derangement
Alkaline fecal pH

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5
Q

ETEC diagnosis

A

Age
Clin signs
Lab date
Fecal isolation of E. coli

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6
Q

ETEC prevention

A

Clean environment

Colostrum

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7
Q

Rotavirus characteristics

A

Short incubation
Calves <2 weeks
Severity related to age
Similar to E. coli

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8
Q

Rotavirus pathophysiology

A

Small intestine
Villous tips
Net secretion

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9
Q

Rotavirus clinical signs

A 
Variable
Age determines severity 
Lethargy dehydration
Low appetites
Fever
Diarrhea
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10
Q

Rotavirus diagnosis

A

Electron microscopy
ELISA
Acidic fecal pH

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11
Q

Rotavirus prevention

A

Highly infectious/contagious
Phenol-based disinfect
Vaccination of dry cows

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12
Q

Coronavirus characteristics

A

Older calves
Small intestine and colon
Jejunal villi
1-25% mortality

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13
Q

Coronavirus clinical signs

A 
Depression
Diarrhea
Dehydration 
Feces has clear mucus
Lasts 7 days
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14
Q

Coronavirus diagnosis

A

Fecal tests
ELISA
She’d by heathy cattle
FA test of tissues

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15
Q

Coronavirus prevention

A

Environmental management
Vaccination
Colostrum

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16
Q

Salmonellosis characteristics

A

Feco-oral rout
Distal small intestine, cecum, colon
Calves commonly bacteremic

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17
Q

Salmonellosis clinical signs

A

4 to >14 days
Fever
Diarrhea
-bloody

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18
Q

Salmonellosis lab data

A 
WBC 
-left shift/toxicity
Dehydration 
Metabolic acidosis
Decreased sodium/chloride
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19
Q

Salmonellosis diagnosis

A

Blood culture
Fecal culture
Necropsy

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20
Q

Salmonellosis prevention

A

Environmental hygiene

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21
Q

Crypto characteristics

Study These Flashcards
A

5-15days
High morbidity
Low mortality
Fecal oral

22
Q

Crypto clinical signs

Study These Flashcards
A

non specific
Dehydration
Resolves after 7 days

23
Q

Crypto diagnosis

Study These Flashcards
A

Acid fast staining

24
Q

Attaching and effacing E. coli

Study These Flashcards
A 
Variable age
Produce cytotoxins
-intestinal damage
Blood in feces
Malabsorption, maldigestion, protein loss
25
Coccidiosis
Eimeria | 2-4 months
26
Coccidiosis clinical signs
Loose feces Dull hair Wont thrive Can have bloody diarrhea
27
Coccidiosis diagnosis
Fecal float
28
Clostridium perfringens
Calves <14 days
29
C. Perfringens clinical signs
``` Abdominal distention Cholic Lethargy Dehydration Diarrhea -low vol, bloody CNS signs ```
30
C. perfringens diagnosis
Clinical sings | Toxin identification
31
C. Perfringens treatment
Antibiotics
32
% dehydration of recumbent calves
12-15%
33
% dehydration of weak calves
8-12%
34
% dehydration of ambulatory calves
5-8%
35
Salmonella in cows
Most common cause of diarrhea | Direct/indirect transmission
36
Why is S. Dublin special
Vertical transmission
37
Salmonella clinical signs
Highly variable | 3-20 days
38
S. Dublin clinical signs
Localize in mammary gland, lung, uterus, fetus
39
Salmonella acute cases
``` Drop in milk Fever Lethargy Watery fetid diarrhea Abortion ```
40
Salmonella diagnosis
Bacterial culture | Rectal biopsy
41
Salmonella treatment
Fluid | NSAID
42
Winter dysentery characteristics
Explosive outbreaks of diarrhea between October and April Coronavirus Highly morbitiy Low mortality Highly contagious
43
Water dysentery clinical signs
Fever Acute fetid watery diarrhea Decreased appietite Resolve in 5 days
44
Johne's disease characteristics
Chronic diarrhea Weight loss Infection early in life 2-6 year clinical onset
45
johne's clinical signs
Chronic intermittent diarrhea Decrease milk Weight loss Edema
46
Johne's diagnosis
MAP: herd PCR: individual
47
Johne's control
Biosecurity | Manure control
48
Preventions of johne's
Clean things Colostrum management proper calf rearing Clean water
49
Bovine virus diarrhea
Sero-negative immunocompetent animals | Not previously exposed
50
Acute mucosal disease
Infected in utero Fever lethargy anorexia Profuse watery diarrhea
51
Chronic mucosal disease
Acute onset of watery diarrhea

Large Animal Gas (5 decks)

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