Ruminant Forestomach

Question 1

Rumen analysis

Answer 1

Wet mount- Look at population and motility of protozoa

Question 2

Indigestion difference between horse and cattle

Answer 2

Cattle bloat with esophageal obstruction

Question 3

Simple indigestion

Answer 3

Depression
Dismissed appetite
Decreased rumen
Rumen distinction

Question 4

Severe indigestion

Answer 4

Sudden dramatic change
Decreased appetite 
Decreased milk
Recumbent
Dehydration
Rumen stasis w gas cap

Question 5

lactic acidosis

Answer 5

Anorexia
Increase hr
Recumbent
Bloat
Blindness
Coma

Question 6

Cause of lactic acidosis

Answer 6

High forage/low concentrate diet
Rumen pH drops
Microbial death
D-lactate produced

Question 7

Indigestion diagnosis

Answer 7

Lactic acidosis

• high anion gap
• decreased Ca/Mg
• increase PVC and Hb

Question 8

Indigestion- treatment for simple/severe

Answer 8

Ruminotoric
Calcium
Good forage

Question 9

Lactic acidosis treatment

Answer 9

IV fluids (no bicarb)
Rumenotomy
Transfaunation
Ca/Mg
Antibiotics

Question 10

Indigestion prognosis

Answer 10

Simple - good

lactose - high mortality

Question 11

Sequels to indigestion

Answer 11

Fungal or bacterial rumenitis

Peritonitis, hepatic abscess, vena cava thrombosis

Question 12

Indigestion prevention

Answer 12

Gradual introduction to grains

Question 13

Free gas bloat

Answer 13

High grain diets
Rumen outflow failure
Obstruction
Calves <6 mo

Question 14

Free gas bloat clinical signs

Answer 14

Left side ping
Left side abdominal distention
Sudden death
Necropsy: bloat line

Question 15

Free gas bloat treatment

Answer 15

Pass a stomach tube

Question 16

Frothy bloat cause

Answer 16

Lush pasture
-legumes
-high solvable protein
Produce stable foam

Question 17

Frothy bloat clinical signs

Answer 17

No ping

Question 18

Frothy bloat treatment

Answer 18

Antifoaming agents
Oral fluids
Calcium

Question 19

Traumatic reticulitis

Answer 19

Bailing wire, nails, hypodermic needles

Common in late pregnancy

Question 20

TRP clinical signs

Answer 20

Drop in milk
Anorexia
Decreased poops
Fever
Increased HR
Cranial abdominal pain

Question 21

Local TRP clinical signs

Answer 21

Vague after 24 hr

Variable degree of pain

Question 22

TRP diagnosis

Answer 22

History
PE
Lab data 
-leukopenia
U/S
Rad

Question 23

TRP treatment

Answer 23

Stall confinement
Magnet
Antibiotics
Symptomatic therapy

Question 24

TRP treatment

Answer 24

Magnets

Environment management

Question 25

Vagal indigestion

Answer 25

Forestomach are not working as well as they should

Question 26

Predisposing factors of vagal indigestion

Answer 26

``` Hardware disease (TRP) Irritation of vagal nerve ```

Question 27

Vagal indigestion clinical signs

Answer 27

``` Reduced feed intake Decreased milk Bradycardia Variable rumen sounds L-shape from behind ```

Question 28

Vagal indigestion diagnosis

Answer 28

``` History PE Lab data Rumen analysis U/S Rads ```

Question 29

abomasum outflow obstruction lab findings

Answer 29

Hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis

Question 30

Vagal indigestion DDx

Answer 30

Indigestion Bloat Exploratory laparotomy

Question 31

Vagal indigestion prognosis

Answer 31

Extremely poor with adhesion formation or neoplasia | Pregnant animals improve

Question 32

Left Abdominal displacement

Answer 32

Moves between rumen and left abdominal wall Any age Most common lactating dairy cattle

Question 33

LDA Clinical signs

Answer 33

Decline in milk | Left sided ping

Question 34

LDA treatment

Answer 34

Surgery Fluid Rolling

Question 35

RDA

Answer 35

Right sided ping | Same as LDA for everything

Question 36

Abomasal volvulus clinical signs

Answer 36

Same as normal displacement only more dramatic

Question 37

Treatment of abomasum volvulus

Answer 37

More of an emergency than normal displacement

Question 38

Abomasal volvulus prognosis

Answer 38

Worse than normal displacement

Question 39

Abomasal Ulceration causes

Answer 39

Intense rearing Stress concurrent disease NSAID therapy

Question 40

Non perforated abomasal ulceration

Answer 40

With or without hemorrhage

Question 41

Perforated abomasal ulceration

Answer 41

Similar to hardware disease | Local or generalized peritonitis

Question 42

Abomasal ulceration clinical signs

Answer 42

Similar to hardware Bleeding non perforating ulcers -Dark tarry feces

Question 43

abomasal ulceration diagnosis

Answer 43

History PE | Lab data

Question 44

abomasal ulceration treatment

Answer 44

``` High quality forage Stall confinement Antibiotic Blood transfusion (No antacid oral meds in adult) ```

Question 45

abomasal ulceration prognosis

Answer 45

Poor if perforated | Good if bleeding but not perforated

Question 46

Why will oral antacid treatment only work in calves

Answer 46

Calves do not absorb in rumen so the meds can go to the small intestine