Equine Endotoxemia Flashcards
What is the most common cause of death in equine patients admitted to a contemporary intensive care?
Multi-organ Dysfunction Syndrome
ARDS
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
DIC
Disseminated Intravascular coagulation
What are the criteria for a diagnosis of SIRS?
Leukopenia, Leukocytosis Hyperthermia or hypothermia Tachycardia Tachypnea Evidence of sepsis in foals
Endotoxemia
The presence of endotoxin in circulation
3 structural domains of LPS?
Polysaccharide O region outer portion
Core acidic polysaccharide
Lipid A region inner most portion
What is the structure responsible for endotoxemia?
Lipid A
Carbohydrate Overload
Bacterial overgrowth in the colon
Degeneration of the colonic mucosa
What drugs induce colitis?
Antibiotics
NSAIDs: Banamine and Phenylbutazone
What reproductive condition causes equine endotoxemia ?
Retained placenta
What are the parts to Step 2 of Endotoxemia?
Early: Vasoconstrictor
Later: Vasodilation
What are the clinical signs of the Later stage of Endotoxemia?
Decreases rectal temp Oliguria or anuria Rapid weak pulses Muscle tremors Hemostatic dysfunction: Petechia, ecchymoses on MM, Hypercoagulability
What are the clinical signs of Endotoxemia at the Hyperdynamic state?
MM white or injected CRT may be normal strong pulses, tachycardia Tachypnea Fever
What are the clinical signs of Endotoxemia at the Hypodynamic state?
MM congested, dark, toxic line CRT prolong greater than 2 sec Pulses are weak Tachycardia or tachypnea Cold extremities Normo or hypothermic
What do you see on clinical pathology for endotoxemia?
Leukopenia
Neutropenia and a left shift
