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MOD (year 3) > Equine wound healing > Flashcards

Equine wound healing Flashcards

1
Q

what are the main components of skin?

A

collagen (strength)
elastic fibres
ground substances

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2
Q

what layers make up the epidermis?

A

stratum corneum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale

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3
Q

what layers make up the dermis?

A

superficially papillary layer

deep reticular layer

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4
Q

what are the cellular mediators of wound repair?

A

growth factors

cytokines/chemokines

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5
Q

what are the three phases of wound healing?

A

inflammatory/lag
proliferative
remodelling

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6
Q

what are the three things that happen during the inflammatory stage of wound healing?

A

haemostasis
protect against infection
cellular signals for next step

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7
Q

what happens after the initial transient vasoconstriction in the inflammatory stage?

A

vasodilation (heat, redness, swelling)

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8
Q

what acts as a meshwork for other cells to bind to in the inflammatory stage of healing?

A

fibrin

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9
Q

what are the key cells involved in the inflammatory phase of wound healing?

A

neutrophils, monocytes (macrophages)

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10
Q

what four processes occur in the proliferative stage of wound healing?

A

angiogenesis
fibroplasia/granulation tissue formation
epithelialisation
contraction

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11
Q

what are the aims of the proliferative phase of wound healing?

A

permanent closure of wound

replace lost tissue

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12
Q

what does the duration of the proliferative phase of wound healing depend on?

A

wound size/location
age
health of individual

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13
Q

what do fibroblasts transform into towards the end of the proliferation phase?

A

myofibroblasts (contraction)

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14
Q

what happens to collagen during the remodelling phase of wound healing?

A

strengthening/remodelling

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15
Q

how does wound healing in ponies and horses differ?

A

horses have slower wound healing of distal limbs

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16
Q

what local factors influence wound healing?

A 
wound perfusion
tissue viability
fluid accumulation
infection
mechanical factors (movement)
17
Q

what systemic factors can influence wound healing?

A

immunology
systemic conditions - obesity, malnutrition…
external agents

18
Q

what are examples of closed wounds?

A

crush injuries
bruise (contusions)
haematoma

19
Q

what is an abrasion/erosion?

A

superficial loss of surface epithelium without exposure of underlying dermis

20
Q

what is the primary way abrasions/erosions heal?

A

mitotic division of epithelial cells (no inflammatory cells or angiogenesis)

21
Q

what is an ulcer?

A

loss of surface epithelium with exposure/damage to underlying tissue

22
Q

how are burns classified?

A

depth (degree)

extent (% of body surface)

23
Q

what are the classifications of a wound based on degree of contamination?

A

clean
clean contaminated
contaminated
dirty

24
Q

what is a clean wound?

A

surgical wound not entering respiratory, urogenital or GI tracts with no aseptic breaks

25
Q

what is a clean contaminated wound?

A

surgical wound involving the respiratory, urogenital or GI tracts without major contamination or a small break in asepsis

26
Q

what is a contaminated wound?

A

traumatic wound <6 hours old
surgical wound with significant respiratory, urogenital or GI contamination
surgery with inflammation present
major break in asepsis

27
Q

what is a dirty wound?

A

traumatic wound >6 hours old
surgery with abscessation
traumatic wounds with foreign bodies or devitalised tissue
perforation of hollow viscus

28
Q

when clipping a wound to assess it, what precaution should be taken?

A

apply sterile gel to wound to prevent hair/dirt entering

29
Q

what can be used to lavage wounds?

A

saline/tap water
chlorhexidine (dilute - 0.05%)
povidone iodine (dilute)

30
Q

what bacteria is particularly important to remember when assessing wounds in horses?

A

tetanus (Clostridium tetani)

31
Q

what are the types of wound healing?

A 
first intention (primary closure)
second intention
third intention (delayed primary closure)
32
Q

what is first intention (primary closure) of wounds?

A

wound immediately and completely closed

33
Q

what is needed for closure of a wound by first intention (primary closure)?

A

minimal bacterial contamination
removal of devitalised tissue/foreign bodies (debridement)
no dead space/ischaemia

34
Q

what is wound healing by second intention?

A

open wound with regular wound care allowing granulation tissue to form

35
Q

what is delayed primary closure of a wound?

A

open wound that is then closed after debridement and reduction of bacterial contamination

MOD (year 3) (45 decks)

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