essay models

Question 1

Importance of interactions between cells and organism:
nitrogen cycle (6)

Answer 1

-plants can gain nitrogen from the soil as nitrates
-microbial saprobiants convert nitrogen containing compounds into ammonia
-nitrogen fixation by nitrogen fixing bacteria converts atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia
-can form mutualistic relationships with the roots of leguminous plants
-ammonia converted from nitrite to nitrate by nitrifying bacteria
-in anaerobic conditions, nitrates are converted into nitrous oxides by denitrifying bacteria, reducing amino acid and nitrogen containing compound concentration

Question 2

Importance of complementary shapes:
transcription factors

Question 3

Importance of interactions between cells and organisms: immune response

Answer 3

-pathogen enters the system and is identified by phagocyte that was attracted by positive chemotaxis
-phagocyte engulfs pathogen into a phagosome which is then digested by lysozymes
-antigens presented on surface membrane forming APC
-t-lymphocytes bind and become activated
-divides by mitosis to form t-helper, cytotoxic and memory cells
-activate b-cells which divide to become plasma and memory cells

Question 4

Importance of complementary shapes:
PCR

Question 5

Importance of complementary shapes:
OXPHOS

Question 6

Importance of complementary shapes:
synapses

Question 7

Importance of complementary shapes:
maintaining resting potential

Question 8

Importance of complementary shapes:
translation

Question 9

Importance of cycles:
synapse

Question 10

Importance of cycles:
calvin cycle

Question 11

Importance of cycles:
muscles

Question 12

Importance of cycles:
cell cycle, cancer treatment

Question 13

Importance of cycles:
nitrogen cycle

Question 14

Importance of cycles:
cardiac cycle

Question 15

Importance of ATP:
structure and use

Question 16

Importance of ATP:
neurons

Question 17

Importance of ATP:
muscle contractions

Question 18

Importance of ATP:
active transport

Question 19

Importance of ATP:
glycolysis

Question 20

Importance of ATP:
proximal convoluted tubule

Question 21

Importance of ATP:
photosynthesis

Question 22

Importance of control of movement in cells and organisms:
photosynthesis

Question 23

Importance of control of movement in cells and organisms:
oxygen

Question 24

Importance of control of movement in cells and organisms:
muscle contraction

Question 25

Importance of control of movement in cells and organisms: actin and myosin

Question 26

Importance of control of movement in cells and organisms: glucose

Question 27

Importance of enzymes: PCR

Question 28

Importance of enzymes: ATP synthase, OXPHOS

Question 29

Importance of enzymes: synapses

Question 30

Importance of enzymes: protein digestion