Essays 41- 50

Question 1

occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma

Answer 1

50% of dog tumours

Question 2

form of hepatocellular carcinoma

Answer 2

massive - one lobe
2/3 in left lobe and papillary process

Question 3

breed predisposition of hepatocellular carcinoma

Answer 3

miniature schnauzers

Question 4

signs of hepatocellular carcinoma

Answer 4

inappetance
lethargy
vomiting
PU/PD
ascites
ataxia
hepatic encephalopahy
seizures

Question 5

diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

Answer 5

blood test
increased ast/alt
US, CT, xray
liver biopsy

Question 6

name of 3 types of perianal tumours

Answer 6

perianal adenoma - hepatoid adenoma
perianal adenocarcinoma
para anal gland adenocarcinoma

Question 7

perianal adenoma – Hepatoid adenoma

Answer 7

common in older intact dogs
hormone dependant
slow growing
locally invasive
no metastases

Question 8

Perianal adenocarcinoma

Answer 8

older bigger breeds
non hormone dependant
fast growing
no metastases at time of diagnosis

Question 9

Para-anal gland adenocarcinoma

Answer 9

> 10yrs
english cocker
non hormone
aggressive
early metastases
hypercalcaemic

Question 10

clinical signs of Adenoma

Answer 10

non painful
moveable, well circumscribed

Question 11

clinical signs of Perianal and paranal gland adenocarcinomas

Answer 11

pain/ irritation in area
firm adhering mass
ulcerarion
obstipation
HL oedema
PU/PD

Question 12

therapy of adenocarcinomas

Answer 12

cytology first
removal of half the sphincter
chemo - toxeranic, carboplatin, cisplatin

Question 13

therapy of adenoma

Answer 13

castration
marginal excision

Question 14

what is a GIST

Answer 14

gastro intestinal stromal tumour

Question 15

incidence of GIST

Answer 15

in dogs

Question 16

diagnosis of GIST

Answer 16

palpable abdominal mass (RDP)
lab
xray
endoscope
laparatomy

Question 17

therapy of GIST

Answer 17

surgery
tyrosine kinase inhibitors
metronomic chemotherapy

Question 18

radiotherapy for sinonasal tumours

Answer 18

definitive intent radiotherapy
intensity modulate radiotherapy
stereotactic radiotherapy
palliative intent radiotherapy

Question 19

acute complications of radiotherapy

Answer 19

oral mucositis
KCS, blepharitis
rhinitis
skin desquamation

Question 20

late effects of complications of radiotherapy

Answer 20

cataract, uveitis
KCS, cornea atrophy
retinal degeneration
haemorrhage
neuronal tissue damage

Question 21

predisposition of pulmonary tumours

Answer 21

boxers, dobermann, australian shepherd
persian cats

Question 22

pathology of pulmonary tumours

Answer 22

from epithelium of large airways or alveoli
near hilus or peripheral
spread by local invasion
metastases to LN, bone

Question 23

clinical signs of pulmonary tumours

Answer 23

coughing
dyspnoea
lethargy
hyporexia
weight,loss
hemoptysis
increased bronchovesicular signs
dull CV sounds
neurological signs
gi signs
lameness

Question 24

main pulmonary tumours in cats

Answer 24

adenocarcinoma

Question 25

main pulmonary tumours in dogs

Answer 25

bronchialveolar scc, adenocarcinoma

Question 26

treatment of SCC of nasal planum

Answer 26

surgery - nasal planum resection radiotherapy strontium plesiotherapy - radioactive chemo - intranasal or electrochemo - carboplatin photodynamic therapy - free radicals

Question 27

urinary TCC incidence

Answer 27

urinary bladder dog > cat bitch > male scottie, beagle, westie

Question 28

urinary TCC risk factors

Answer 28

overweight cyclophosphamide treatment isecticides

Question 29

clinical signs of urinary TCC

Answer 29

dysuria hematuria urinary incontinence pollakysuria lameness

Question 30

urinary TCC diagnosis

Answer 30

palpation urine sediment cytology urine anitgen test histopath immunohistochem

Question 31

urinary TCC treatment

Answer 31

surgery - laser systemic chemo - mitoxantron/ cisplatin/ carboplatin local chemo - mitomycin radiotherapy palliative cox antagonists homeotherapy

Question 32

prostate tumour incidence

Answer 32

adenocarcinoma doberman, shetland, scottie, beagle

Question 33

prostate tumour clinical signs

Answer 33

dysuria hematuria urine retention hydrourether, hydronephros tenesmus neurological dysfunction

Question 34

prostate tumour diagnostic steps

Answer 34

clinical signs clinical examination rectal palp imaging lab tests FNA/ biopsy diagnosis

Question 35

incidence of feline kidney lymphoma

Answer 35

cats 9yrs

Question 36

clinical signs of feline kidney lymphoma

Answer 36

aspecific bilateral renomegalia diffuse cortex

Question 37

diagnosis of feline kidney lymphoma

Answer 37

physical exam palpation painful kidneys lab histopath excretory urography, CT, scintography abdo US, thoracic CT

Question 38

treatment of feline kidney lymphoma

Answer 38

cyclophosphamide doxorubicin vincristine prednisolone

Question 39

what is PNST

Answer 39

peripheral nerve sheath tumour

Question 40

characteristics of PNST

Answer 40

from schwann cells middle aged/ old dogs rare metastsis can be secondary to lymphoma, malignant sarcoma, haemangiosarcoma, hamartoma

Question 41

PNST incidence

Answer 41

trigeminal C6 - T2 spinal nerve root lumbar intumenscence nerves

Question 42

types of PNST

Answer 42

schwannoma, neurofibroma, neurofibrosarcoma

Question 43

symptoms of PNST

Answer 43

chronic lamness

Question 44

trigeminal PNST

Answer 44

unilat masticatory muscular atrophy decreased jaw tone decreased facial sensation horners

Question 45

diagnosis of PNST

Answer 45

brachial plexus can be palpated MRI US cytology histopath