Essential Anti-infectives, STIs, drug classes, and abx guide Flashcards
(145 cards)
1
Q
Examples of PCNs
A
PCNs are bactericidal
Examples
Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, PCN G, Naficillin, Piperacillin-tazobactam
2
Q
Examples of Beta lactamase inhibitors that are combined with PCNs
A
Clavulanic acid
Sulbactam
Tazobactam
3
Q
First line treatment for Syphilis
A
PCN G 2.4 millions units IM x 1
4
Q
Two treatment options for Syphilis in those with a PCN allergy
A
Doxycycline 100mg BID x 14 days
or
Tetracycline 500mg QID
hint* both are tetracyclines
5
Q
Latent Syphilis medication management
A
PNC G 2.4 million units IM weekly x 3 weeks
6
Q
MRSA is resistant to all drugs in these classes
A
PCNs and Cephalosporins
7
Q
1st generation Cephalosporins
A
Cefazolin
Cephalexin
8
Q
2nd Generation Cephalosporins
A
Cefuroxime (Ceftin)
Cefotetan
9
Q
3rd generation Cephalosporins
A
Ceftazidime Cefdinir Cefpodoxime Cefixime Cefotaxime Ceftriaxone
10
Q
4th generation Cephalosporin
A
Cefepime
11
Q
5th generation Cephalosporin
A
Ceftaroline
12
Q
Gonorrhea treatment options both IM and PO
A
Ceftriaxone 250mg IM x1
or
Cefixime 400mg PO x1
13
Q
Gonorrhea is resistant to this drug class
A
fluoroquinolones
14
Q
Chlamydia
A
Azithromycin 1G PO x1
or
Doxycycline 100mg BID x 7 days
15
Q
Chancroid
A
Azithromycin 1G PO x1 or Ceftriaxone 250mg IM or Ciprofloxacin 500mg PO BID x3 days or Erythromycin 500mg PO TID x 7 days
16
Q
Granuloma Inguinale
and
Lymphogranuloma venereum
A
Doxycycline 100mg BID x 3 weeks
17
Q
pregnant Lymphogranuloma venereum
A
Erythromycin
18
Q
Bacterial Vaginosis
A
Metronidazole 500mg PO BID x 7 days or Metronidazole gel once daily x 5 days or Clindamycin cream x 7 days
19
Q
Vulvovaginal candidiasis can be treated with this class
A
azoles
20
Q
Genital Herpes
A
Acyclovir
Famciclovir
Valacyclovir
21
Q
HPV genital warts
A
Podofilox 0.5%
or
Imiquimod 5% cream
provide
cryotherapy, cryoprobe, resin, acid
22
Q
Trichomoniasis
A
Metronidazole 2G PO x1 or Tinidazole 2G PO x1 also Metronidazole 500mg BID x 7 days
23
Q
Patients on Metronidazole should avoid ____
A
ETOH
24
Q
Genital lice
A
Permethrin 1% lotion, shampoo
reapplied in seven days if evidence of lice
25
Scabies
Permethrin 5%
or
Lindane
Ivermectin if failure of topical medication
26
PID
```
Ceftriaxone 250mg IM
and
Doxycycline 100mg BID x 14 days
and
Metronidazole 500mg BID x 14 days
```
27
Cytolytic vaginosis
intravaginal sodium bicarb
| twice weekly in last month of cycle
28
Ceftriaxone 250mg IM x1 useful for treatment in
part of a multidrug regime for PID also including Flagyl and Doxy
1st line treatment for Gonorrhea
an option for treatment of chancroids
PID
Gonorrhea
chancroids
29
Azithromycin 1G PO x1
Chlamydia
| Chancroid
30
Examples of Carbapenems
Imipenem-cilastatin
Meropenem
Ertapenem
Doripenem
31
Example of Monobactam
Aztreonam (septicemia)
32
In order to avoid the ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity of the aminoglycosides or the 3rd generation Cephalosporins, ______ (drug class) such as _____ may be used
Monobactams
| Aztreonam
33
C. Diff
1st
2nd
3rd line treatments
Metronidazole
Vancomycin
Fidaxomicin or Rifaximin
34
Macrolides Examples
Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Fidaxomicin
35
Azithromycin causes arrythmias when given with this 1st generation antipsychotic
Pimozide
36
Lincosamide example
Clindamycin
37
Clindamycin is notable for causing this ADR
pseudomembranous colitis
38
This class of drug (give example) should be given no more than 7-10 days due to oto and nephrotoxicity
aminoglycosides (Gentamicin)
39
Linezolid is a ____ (drug class)
Oxazolidinone
40
MRSA treatment
Bactrim, Clindamycin, Doxycycline
Linezolid, Vancomycin
41
Tetracycline examples
Doxycycline
Tetracycline
Minocycline
42
Tetracyclines are 1st line treatments in
```
RMSF
Chlamydia trachomatis
Syphilis
Lyme
H. Pylori
Severe acne
animal bites
anthrax prophylaxis
```
43
_______ (drug name) is the 1st line of treatment for H. Pylori
Clarithromycin (Biaxim)
44
Some notable ADRs of tetracyclines include
yellow teeth
do not give in pregnant lactation or children <8
hepatic and renal toxicity
photosensitivity
45
When taking tetracyclines, it is important to ____
take them without milk, antacids etc
46
UTI by E. Coli, Proteus and Klebsiella are treated with this drug class
Sulfonamide
47
When managing a patient on long term sulfonamides, it is important to monitor their ____
CBC
48
Pts with a G6PD deficiency should avoid this drug class
sulfonamides
49
Trimethoprim leads to several adverse effects such as
```
hyperkalemia
birth defects
pancytopenia 2/2 folate deficiency
kernicterus
photosensitivity
decreased effect of contraceptives
hypoglycemia
```
50
After prescribed this drug, the provider instructed the pt to drink at least 3L of water daily
Trimethoprim
51
This urinary antiseptic is indicated in ESBL
nitrofurantoin
52
This urinary antiseptic can cause harmless orange urine, but must be discontinued if the patient develops yellowing skin
Phenazopyridine
53
Examples of Fluoroquinolones
Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin
54
This drug class is contraindicated in those with myasthenia gravis
fluoroquinolones
55
An example of the class of antifungals called polyene is
amphotericin B
56
An example of an azole (antifungal) is
fluconazole
57
An example of an Echinocandin (antifungal) is
Caspofungin
58
An example of a pyrimidine analog (antifungal) is
Flucytosine (Ancoban)
59
A misc. antifungal is
Griseofulvin-tinea capitis
60
This class of antifungal medication is contraindicated in HF
azoles
61
This antifungal medication can lower your potassium
amphotericin B
62
Metronidazole works against
bacteria and protozoa
63
Chloroquine works against
malaria
64
This drug works against helminthiasis
Mebendazole
65
When taking this drug, it is essential to take Vit B6 (Pyridoxine) to avoid neuropathy
Isoniazid
66
1st line treatment in TB
| 2nd line
Isoniazid, Rifampin, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol
Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin
67
When treating a patient with concurrent Rifampin, Ethambutol and Pyrazinamide it is essential to monitor
LFTs
68
Acyclovir can treat
Herpes Simplex
Varicella Zoster
Cytomegalovirus
69
Retinitis by Cytomegalovirus is treated with
Ganciclovir
| >10% leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
70
RSV is treated with
Ribavirin (teratogenic)
71
Ribavirin is used to treat
RSV
72
Also this drug can cause liver and kidney toxicity as well as pancreatitis, it is used to treat Hepatitis
Lamivudine
73
HIV antiretroviral____ causes this adverse effect
Zidovudine (Retrovir)
bone marrow suppression
low RBC 2-4 weeks
low WBC 6-8 weeks
74
Lamivudine is used to treat
Hepatitis
75
Zidovudine is used to treat
HIV
76
E. Coli is resistant to ___ (drug)
Bactrim
77
Febrile UTI treatment
Ceftriaxone IV x 10 days
78
Gonococcal conjunctivitis treatment
IM Ceftriaxone
79
Erythromycin ointment is used to
prevent gonococcal conjunctivitis after birth
treat bacterial conjunctivitis-dacryostenosis
treat blepharitis
80
Chlamydial conjunctivitis is treat with either ____ or ___
systemic erythromycin
or
high dose Augmentin
81
When treating otitis externa is it important to assess the tympanic membrane bc
no gtt if perforated
82
Malignant otitis externa is treated with
parenteral abx, an aminoglycoside, carbenicillin 4-6 weeks and sx
83
These bacteria form nitrites in urine
E. Coli, Klebsiella and Proteus
84
PNA in healthy adults with no risk factors is treated with
Macrolide (Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Erythromycin)
if allergic
Doxycycline
85
CAP in adults with comorbidities < 60
Fluoroquinolones (ie Levaquin)
B lactam plus macrolide
Cefuroxime, Cefpodoxime
IV Ceftriaxone followed by PO Cefpodoxime
or B lactam plus Doxycycline
86
Adult CAP w. comorbidities > 60
Ceftriaxone 1G daily IV or IM
| Levofloxacin 500mg IV daily
87
CAP in pregnancy
macrolide
88
CAP in pregnancy with recent abx use
Amoxicillin
| Ceftriaxone
89
CAP in pregnancy with recent abx, PCN allergy
Clindamycin or Macrolide
90
children <5 with bacterial PNA
Amoxicillin
| Ceftriaxone
91
Children < 5 bacterial PNA with PCN allergy
Clindamycin or Macrolide
92
Chlamydial PNA in infant
Azithromycin
| Erythromycin
93
Children >5 PNA
macrolide
94
Sinusitis
1st line Amoxicillin
| or adults high dose Augmentin
95
Sinusitis in children w. PCN allergy
Cefuroxime (2nd), Cefpodoxime (3rd), Cefdinir (3rd)
96
Sinusitis in adults w. PCN allergy
Doxycycline or respiratory fluoroquinolone (Levaquin
97
In sinusitis, do NOT treat with
macrolides or Bactrim
98
Pharyngitis
PCN V or Amoxicillin
| Keflex
99
Pharyngitis w. PCN allergy
Clindamycin or Azithromycin
100
AOM
1st Amoxicillin
2nd Augmenting
or
Ceftriaxone
101
AOM w. PCN allergy
Cefuroxime
Cefdinir
Cefpodoxime
Ceftriaxone
102
AOM fx to treat 48-72 hrs after Amoxicillin or other 1st line
Clindamycin plus 3rd gen Cephalosporin
103
Animal bites
Augmentin or Doxycycline
104
Ticks
Doxy
105
Non purulent Cellulits
Cephalexin or Cefadroxil (both 1st gen cephalosporin)
106
purulent cellulitis
I+D, and MRSA coverage
107
DM ulcers
Keflex or Doxy
108
DM ulcers with suspected MRSA (two options)
Keflex and Bactrim
or
Doxy and Bactrim
109
Folliculitis
Topical Mupirocin
or
Topical Clindamycin
110
Impetigo
Topical Mupirocin
or
MRSA tx if severe
111
Shingles
Acyclovir
112
Bell's palsy
Acyclovir and steroid
113
Lice
Permethrin or Ivermectin PO
114
Scabies
Permethrin or Ivermectin PO
115
Tinea versicolor
Selenium (topical) or Ketoconazole
116
Pinworms
Albendazole, Mebendazole
117
Mastitis
Keflex or Augmentin
118
Preseptal cellulitis
Clindamycin
or
Cephalexin and Bactrim
119
Trimethoprim can _____ potassium levels
increase
120
Amphotericin B can ____ potassium levels
decrease
121
Otitis externa
fluoroquinolone gtts
122
Otitis media
Amoxicillin or Augmentin if recent abx
123
Acute sinusits
Augmentin or Doxy
124
Thrush throat
Nystatin or Fluconazole PO
125
Strep throat
Amoxicillin
126
Strep throat w. PCN allergy
Cephalexin or
| Azithromycin
127
Peritonsillar abscess
Augmentin
or
Clindamycin
128
Candida
Nystatin cream
129
Uncomplicated UTI
Nitrofurantoin or BActrim
130
Complicated UTI
Cephalexin or Cefpodoxime
or
Azithromycin
131
UTI peds
Cephalexin (Keflex) or Cefdinir (Omnicef)
1st gen, 3rd gen respectively
132
Pyelonephritis
Cephalexin or Bactrim
133
Prostatitis
Ceftriaxone
134
Diverticulitis three options
```
Augmentin
or
Flagyl plus Cipro
or
Flagyl plus Levaquin
```
PCN, or Flagyl and Fluoroquinolone
135
COPD
Azithromycin
Doxycycline
Levaquin
136
Adult PNA (healthy)
Zithro
or
Doxy
137
Atypical pediatric PNA
Zithro or Doxy
138
Pediatric bacterial PNA
Amoxicillin or Augmentin
139
Infectious diarrhea (only treat in recent travel, <6 months, bloody)
```
Azithromycin
or
Levaquin
or
Ciprofloxacin
```
140
<3, dental prevention
Keflex, or Amoxicillin
141
<3, dental prevention with PCN allergy
Clindamycin
142
MRSA
Bactrim, Clindamycin, Doxycycline
| Vancomycin, Linezolide
143
Avoid ETOH until 3 days after completion of
Fluoroquinolones (Moxifloxacin), Metronidazole, Cephalosporins
144
This class of drugs causes QT prolongation, can interacts with statins to cause cardiomyopathy
macrolides
145
When infused rapidly, this drug can cause cardiac arrest
Clindamycin
