Practitioner's Role and Responsibilities In Prescribing

Question 1

Affinity

Answer 1

The attraction between a drug and a receptor

Question 2

Allosteric site

Answer 2

A binding site for substrates not active in initiating a response, may induce a conformational change

Question 3

Bioavailability

Answer 3

The fraction or percentage of a drug that reaches systemic circulation

Question 4

Biotransformation

Answer 4

Metabolism or degredation of a drug from an active to inactive form

Question 5

Chirality

Answer 5

Configuration or shape of a drug

Question 6

Clearance

Answer 6

Removal of a drug from the plasma or organs

Question 7

Downregulation

Answer 7

Decreased availability of drug receptors

Question 8

Enantiomer/isomer

Answer 8

A mirror image spatial arrangement of a drug that suits it for binding with a drug receptor

Question 9

Enterohepatic recirculation

Answer 9

The process by which a drug excreted in the bile flows into the GI tract where it ia reabsorbed and returned to the general circulation

Question 10

First-pass effect

Answer 10

The phenomenon by which a drug first passes through the liver where it may be degraded before distribution to the tissues

Question 11

Half life

Answer 11

The time required for half of a total drug to be elimated from the body

Question 12

Hepatic extraction ratio

Answer 12

A comparison of the percentage of the drug removed from the system circulation after a single pass through the liver and the percentage remaining active

Question 13

Ligand

Answer 13

Any chemical, endogenous or exogenous, that interacts with a receptor

Question 14

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 14

Process through which drugs affect the body

Question 15

Pharmacokinectics

Answer 15

Action of the body on the drug

Question 16

Prodrug

Answer 16

Precursor to the active drug; transformed from the inactive parent drug into an active metabolite

Question 17

Threshold

Answer 17

The level below which a drug exerts little to no therapeutic effect and above which a drug produces a therapeutic effect at the site of action

Question 18

Upregulation

Answer 18

Increased availability of receptors

Question 19

____ soluble drugs can easily pass through the blood brain barrier whereas ____ soluble drugs cannot. For example, ___ can pass through the blood brain barrier while ___ cannot

Answer 19

Lipid
Water
diazepam
penicillin

Question 20

_____ ensures that the concentration across a gradient is continually in favor of passive diffusion

Answer 20

Blood flow

Question 21

All routes of administration not involvong the GI tract are considered ___, including____

Answer 21

Parenteral

Injection, inhalation, topical, transdermal

Question 22

Some drugs, such as _____ are not metabolized at all

Answer 22

Aminoglycosides (ie gentamycin [Garamycin])

Question 23

Parent drug (prodrug) 
allopurinol, metolized to active metabolite\_\_\_

Answer 23

Oxypurinol

Question 24

Codeine metabolized to ___

Answer 24

Morphine

Question 25

Enalapril–>_______

Answer 25

enalaprilat

Question 26

Prednisone–>

Answer 26

Prednisolone

Question 27

Valacyclovir –>

Answer 27

Acyclovir