Estrogens and Androgens

Question 1

What are some clinical uses for estrogens? (9)

Answer 1

Contraception
Infertility
Hormone replacement therapy
Stimulate development in women with hypogonadism
Treat premature menopause
Treat premature ovarian failure
Treat osteoporosis
Treat cancer

Question 2

A woman comes in with uterine bleeding. She also has a higher risk of endometrial cancer. What medication might she be taking?

Answer 2

Estrogens

Question 3

What is given with estrogen to decrease the risk of endometrial cancer?

Answer 3

progesterone

Question 4

What are the side effects of taking estrogen?

Answer 4

Uterine bleeding
Endometrial cancer risk

Question 5

What does a pulse dose of GnRH analogs stimulate?

Answer 5

Spermatogenesis
Testosterone production
Induces ovulation

Question 6

What does chronic use of GnRH result in?

Answer 6

Decreased FSH and LH production

Question 7

In men, what can be used to treat low sperm count and low testosterone?

Answer 7

Pulse does of GnRH

Question 8

In women, what can be used to treat hypothalamic amenorrhea? (absence of period)

Answer 8

Pulse does of GnRH

Question 9

In men, what can be used to treat advanced prostate cancer and prostatic hyperplasia?

Answer 9

Chronic/continuous dose of GnRh or Anti-antrogens (Bicalutamide, Nilutamide, Flutamide)

Question 10

In women, what can be used to treat endometriosis, polycystic ovary disease, and other uterine disorders?

Answer 10

Chronic/continuous dose of GnRH

Question 11

What causes a decrease in FSH/Lh when using a chronic dosage of GnRH?

Answer 11

Decrease in receptor density

Question 12

What drug can be used in Palliative treatment of metastatic breast cancer Post-mastectomy or radiation prevention/treatment of osteoporosis and Infertility associated with anovulatory cycles?

Answer 12

Selective Estrogen-receptor modulatiors (SERM)

Question 13

What are Selective Estrogen-Receptor Modulators used for?

Answer 13

Palliative treatment of metastatic breast cancer
Post-mastectomy or radiation
Prevention/treatment of osteoporosis
Infertility associated with anovulatory cycles

Question 14

A woman is taking a SERM and has been having some ocular issues. What drug is she taking? What ocular effects could this cause?

Answer 14

Tamoxifen
Crystalline retinopathy

Question 15

What are some side effects of taking a Selective Estrogen-Receptor Modulator? (SERM)

Answer 15

Tamoxifen Retinopathy (crystalline retinopathy)
hot flashes and nausea
drug interactions
Raloxifene leads to increased thrombosis and embolism

Question 16

What hormone promotes the development of secretory endometrium in females?

Answer 16

Progestogens

Question 17

What are progestins used for?

Answer 17

Treatment of hormonal deficiency
Contraception
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding

Question 18

What are some adverse side effects of taking progestins?

Answer 18

Headache
Depression
Weight gain
Acne

Question 19

In the normal menstrual cycle, pulse dose release of GnRH leads to:

Answer 19

Production of FSH/LH from the pituitary
Production of estrogens

Question 20

What does an LH surge result in during the menstrual cycle?

Answer 20

Ovulation

Question 21

If a female wants to abort her baby early in the pregnancy, what drug is given?

Answer 21

Mifepristone
(Anti-progestin)

Question 22

Where are androgens produced?

Answer 22

Testes, ovaries, adrenal gland

Question 23

What are the anabolic effects of taking androgens? (4)

Answer 23

Promotes bone growth
Prevents bone reabsorption
Develops internal genitalia
Increases muscle mass

Question 24

What are the androgenic effects of taking androgens?

Answer 24

Develop male secondary sexual characteristics

Question 25

What is used in order to increase low testosterone and increase lean mass, muscle strength, and endurance?

Answer 25

Androgen (testosterone)

Question 26

Can regular testosterone be given orally?

Answer 26

No, must be injected

Question 27

How are derivatives of testosterone given?

Answer 27

Orally

Question 28

Side effects of taking testosterone (androgens)

Answer 28

Abnormal sexual maturation and growth disturbances in children Increase LDL and decrease HDL Increase risk for coronary heart disease Fluid retention Increased aggression Mood disorders

Question 29

Most potent estrogen produced by the ovary Principle estrogen in premenopausal women

Answer 29

Estradiol

Question 30

Principle estrogen in postmenopause women

Answer 30

Estrone

Question 31

Estrogen that is produced by the placenta and not produced in the ovary. It is present in significant amounts during pregnancy

Answer 31

Estriol

Question 32

What drug causes the regression of breast tumors but increases the risk for uterine cancer?

Answer 32

Tamoxifen

Question 33

What drug causes the regression of breast tumors and decreases bone reabsorption and is good for osteoporosis?

Answer 33

Raloxifene

Question 34

What drug's main effect is to block estrogen-mediated negative feedback in the pituitary?

Answer 34

Clomiphene

Question 35

What two drugs are used for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer?

Answer 35

Bicalutamide and Nilutamide