Ethico Legal

Question 1

a set of principles crafted through reflection and discussion to define right and wrong.

a) a method of inquiry that helps people to understand the morality of human behavior.
(b) the practices or beliefs of a certain.
(c) the expected standards of moral behavior of a particular group as described in the group’s formal code of professional ethics.

Answer 1

Ethics

Question 2

Serves as ethico-legal basis in the practice of the nursing profession in the Philippines.

Answer 2

article III, Section 9, of republic 9173

Question 3

Amended Code of Ethics

• SECTION 1. Health is a fundamental right of every individual. The Filipino registered nurse, believing in the worth and dignity of each human being, recognizes the primary responsibility to preserve health at all cost.
• SECTION 2. To assume this responsibility, registered nurses have to gain knowledge and understanding of man’s cultural, social, spiritual, physiological, psychological, and ecological aspects of illness, utilizing the therapeutic process. Cultural diversity and political and socio-economic status are inherent factors to effective nursing care.
• SECTION 3. The desire for the respect and confidence of clientele, colleagues, coworkers, and the members of the community provides the incentive to attain and maintain the highest possible degree of ethical conduct.

Question 4

Patients Bill of Rights

1. The patient has the right to considerate and respectful care irrespective of socio-economic status.
2. The patient has the right to obtain from his physician complete current information concerning his diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis in terms the patient can reasonably be expected to understand.
3. The patient has the right to know by name or in person the medical team responsible in coordinating his care.
4. The patient has the right to receive from his physician information necessary to give informed consent prior to the start of any procedure and/or treatment.
5. The patient has the right to refuse treatment/life-giving measures, to the extent permitted by law, and to be informed of the medical consequences of his action.
6. The patient has the right to every consideration of his privacy concerning his own medical care program.
7. The patient has the right to expect that all communications and records pertaining to his care should be treated as confidential.
8. The patient has the right that within his capacity, a hospital must make a reasonable response to the request of patient for services.
9. The patient has the right to information as to any relationship of the hospital to other health care and educational institutions in so far as his care is concerned.
10. The patient has the right to be advised if the hospital proposes to engage in or perform human experimentation affecting his care or treatment.
11. The patient has the right to expect reasonable continuity of care, has the right to know in advance what appointment times the physicians are available and where. The patient has the right to expect that the hospital will provide a mechanism whereby he is informed by the physician or a delegate of the physicians of the patient’s continuing health care requirements following discharge.
12. The patient has the right to examine and receive an explanation of his bill regardless of source of payment.
13. The patient has the right to know what hospital rules and regulation apply to his conduct as patient.

Question 5

The right to self-determination. It refers to the right to make one’s own decisions.

Answer 5

Autonomy

Question 6

means “doing good.”
Nurses are obligated to do good, that is, to implement actions that benefit clients and their support persons.

Answer 6

Beneficence

Question 7

This principle asserts an obligation to not inflict harm on others and is the basis for the injunction in many medical ethics codes to “do no harm.”

Answer 7

Nonmaleficence

Question 8

Frequently referred to as fairness. It means giving each person or group what he/she or they are due.

Answer 8

Justice

Question 9

ensure that patients needs and values are heard and respected

Answer 9

Advocacy

Question 10

Means to be faithful to agreements and promises. Referred to as the principle of trust or obligation of covenant.

Answer 10

Fidelity

Question 11

It refers to comprehensive, accurate, and objective transmission of information, as well as to the way the professional

Answer 11

Veracity

Question 12

It is the recognition of a person as a autonomous, unique, and free individual

Answer 12

Respect for persons

Question 13

Is the intentional limitation of another’s autonomy, justified by an appeal to beneficence or the welfare or needs of another. Under this principle, the prevention of evil or harm takes precedence over any potential evil caused by interference with the individual’s autonomy or liberty.

It is when someone (like a government, doctor, or parent) stops you from doing what you want because they believe it’s for your own good or to protect you from harm. They think preventing bad things from happening to you is more important than letting you have complete freedom to choose.

Answer 13

Paternalism

Question 14

is an agreement by a client to accept a course of treatment or a procedure

Answer 14

Informed consent

Question 15

Scope of Consent

• The diagnosis or condition that requires treatment
• The purposes of the treatment
• What the client can expect to feel or experience
• The intended benefits of the treatment
• Possible risks or negative outcomes of the treatment
• Advantages and disadvantages of possible alternatives to the treatment (including no treatment).

Question 16

Elements

1. The consent must be given voluntarily.
2. The consent must be given by a client or individual with the capacity and competence to understand.
3. The client or individual must be given enough information to be the ultimate decision maker.

Question 17

Exceptions to nformed Consent

*Minor
*Individuals who are unconscious or injured
*People with mental illnesses who have been judged by professionals to be incompetent.

Question 18

Nurse’s Role

• The client gave consent voluntarily.
• The signature is authentic.
• The client appears competent to give consent.

Question 19

The nurse is responsible and accountable for the verification of and witnessing that the patient or the legal representative has signed the consent document in their presence and that the patient, or the legal representative, is of legal age and competent to provide consent.

Question 20

_____ refers to an individual’s interest in controlling access to himself or herself.

_____ refers to measures that are taken to protect an individual’s informational privacy

Answer 20

Privacy
Confidentiality

Question 21

Is a federal law that required the creation of national standards to protect sensitive patient health information from being disclosed without the patient’s consent or knowledge.

Answer 21

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA)

Question 22

(1) protects the privacy of individuals while ensuring free flow of information to promote innovation and growth;
(2) regulates the collection, recording, organization, storage, updating or modification, retrieval, consultation, use, consolidation, blocking, erasure or destruction of personal data; and
(3) ensures that the Philippines complies with international standards set for data protection

Answer 22

Data Privacy Act of 2012 (RA 10173)

Question 23

The structure of the data privacy act

Sections 1 to 6 : definition and general provisions
Section 7 to 10 : the national privacy commission
Sections 11 to 21: rights of data subjects and obligations of personal information, controllers and processors.
Section 22 to 24 provision specific to government
Sections 25 to 37 : penalties

Question 24

The data subject has given his or her consent, specific to the purpose prior to the processing, or in the case of privileged information, all parties to the exchange have given their consent prior to processing;
(b)The processing of the same is provided for by existing laws and regulations
(c)The processing is necessary to protect the life and health of the data subject or another person, and the data subject is not legally or physically able to express his or her consent prior to the processing;
(d)The processing is necessary to achieve the lawful and noncommercial objectives of public organizations and their associations
(e)The processing concerns is necessary for the protection of lawful rights and interests of natural or legal persons in court proceedings, or the establishment

Answer 24

Section 13. Sensitive Personal Information and Privileged Information