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Microbiology Exam 1 > Eukaryotic Cells > Flashcards

Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

What are eukaryotes?

A

Organisms that contain a nuclear membrane that surrounds it’s genetic information

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2
Q

What are micro organisms in eukaryotes? (5)

A

Protozoa, fungi, algae, plants, and animals

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3
Q

What is the size of eukaryotes?

A

10-100um in diameter

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4
Q

What is the function of flagella?

A

Locomotion, movement

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5
Q

What surrounds the flagella?

A

Cytoplasmic membrane

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6
Q

What eukaryotic microorganism have flagella? (2)

A

Protozoa and algae

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7
Q

How many microtubules does flagella contain?

A

9+2 array

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8
Q

What is the function of cilia?

A

Moving foreign material

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9
Q

What eukaryotic microorganisms have cilia

A

Protozoa and animal cells

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10
Q

What is the cell wall in eukaryotes

A

Rigid polysaccharide

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11
Q

Are eukaryotes susceptible to pencilling and why?

A

No cause no peptidoglycan wall

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12
Q

What is the cell wall in plants

A

Cellulose

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13
Q

What is the cell wall in fungi

A

Chitin (NAG polymer )

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14
Q

What is the cell wall in yeast?

A

Glucan & mannan

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15
Q

What is the cell wall in Protozoa

A

Pellicle

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16
Q

What is glycocalyx in eukaryotes ?

A

Attaching cell walls
Strength membrane
Cell to cell recognition

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17
Q

What is the function plasma membrane in eukaryotes ?

A

External covering of the cell

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18
Q

What materials does the plasm membrane in eukaryotes contain? (7)

A

Phospholipid bilayer
Integral proteins
Periphal protein
Sterols
CHO
Glycoproteins
Endocytosis

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19
Q

What is endocytosis

A

Internalize extracellusr particles into the cell

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20
Q

What is phagocytosis

A

Engulfment of particles

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21
Q

What is pinocytosis

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A

Engulfment of fluid

22
Q

What is exocytosis?

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A

Release of contents of a cell vacuole

23
Q

What are ribosomes

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A

Site of protein synthesis ( creation of polypeptides )

24
Q

How many cytoplasmic ribosomes

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A

80s ( 60s+40s )

25
How many mitochondria ribosomes
70s (50s + 30s)
26
What is the shape difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic of ribosomes
Eukaryotics are larger and denser
27
Where is cytoplasm
Inside plasma, membrane and outside of nucleus
28
What does cytoplasm eukaryotes have that prokaryotes don’t ( a skel?)
Cytoskeleton
29
What is a cytoskeleton?
The cell shape Strength Transport within cell Cell movement
30
Are cytoplasm more complicated in eukaryotes
Yes
31
What are the eukaryotes organelles ? (8)
Nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, lysosomes, vacuoles, centrioles
32
What is a nucleus?
Contains almost all DNA with histone (DNA + HISTONE )
33
Does the nucleus have a double membrane?
Yes called nuclear envelope
34
What’s the function of a nuclear pore?
Communicates with the cytoplasm
35
What is the nucleolus / nucleoli ?
Site of rRNA synthesis
36
how do you cells divide
Mitosis and meiosis
37
What’s the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
Synthesize, lipids, and proteins via secretory vesicles
38
What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum?
Rough ER, and smooth ER
39
What is rough er
Attached ribosomes Protein synthesis
40
What is smooth ER
No ribosomes Lipids synthesis
41
What is the function of golgi apparatus?
Receive and transport, synthesize, protein, and lipids via secretory vesicles
42
What is mitochondria?
Powerhouse of the cell Cellular respiration
43
What is the outer layer membrane of mitochondria?
Smooth contain sterols
44
What is the inner membrane of the mitochondria?
Highly folded No sterols Cristae
45
What is cristae?
Inner membrane Increase surface area Enzyme for ATP
46
What is the function of choloplasts?
Site of photosynthesis
47
What are lysosomes
Enzymes capable of breaking down engulfed bacteria
48
Function of lysosomes
Contain hydrolylic enzymes
49
Function of vacuoles
Membrane bound cavity for space or storage
50
Function of centrosomes
Role in cell division Form cilia and flagella
51
What is endosymbiont hypothesis?
Prokaryotes came first, eukaryotic evolved from that

Microbiology Exam 1 (9 decks)

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