Microbial Growth Flashcards by Brina Quintanilla Reyes

What is microbial growth

The increase in number in microbes

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What is a colony

Large number of microbes usually derived from one organism (clone)

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What’s a more in depth definition of binary fission

Uniceullar organisms grow in size but stop until the mother cells doubled in size and duplicates itself

One mother cells divides into 2 new daughter cells

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What are the growth requirements (main 3)

obligate vs facultative
physical requirements
biochemical requirements

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What is obligate requirements

Must have the specific environment

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What is facultative requirements

Able to adjust to fluctuations or a range of environmental factors

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What is the 3 physical requirements

Ph
Temperature
Osmotic pressure

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What are the 3 biochemical requirements

C and N sources ( carbon and nitrogen )

H2O and oxygen requirements

Organic growth factors & trace minerals

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What are the 3 types of temperature range and give a small description of each

Psychrophiles
- cold loving

Mesophiles
- moderate temperature

Thermophiles
- heat loving

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What is psychrophiles & minimum temperature ?

Cold loving
0-15C

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What is psychrophiles optimum temperature

Cold loving
10-15C

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What are psychrophiles mainly responsible for?

Food spoilage

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What are mesophiles & minimum temperature range ?

Moderate temps
10-47C

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What is mesophiles optimum temperature range

Moderate level
25-40C

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What are thermophiles and their minimum temperature range

Heat loving
40-80C

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What are thermophiles optimum range

Heat loving
50-60C

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What are extreme thermophiles ?

Can handle more heat

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What are extreme thermophiles temperature range

65-110C

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What are buffers ?

Stabilizes PH of a solution

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What can buffers donate or accept

Hydrogen to the solution

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What is the optimum ph for most bacteria

6.5-7.5

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What are neutrophils

The optimum ph for most bacteria
6.5-7.5

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What are acidophils

Bacteria that can grow in low ph
Lower than 4.0

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What is the ph that acidophils can grow in

Study These Flashcards

Lower than 4.0

What is alkaliphiles

Bacteria that can grow in high PH

What is optimum for yeast to grow in PH

4.0-5.0

What is osmotic pressure

The force of which solvent Moves from a solution of lower solute concentration to a solution of higher solute concentration Solvents moves from lower to higher concentration

What is hypertonic solution

Osmotic pressure When water moves out the cell causing cytoplasm ti shrink 10% NaCI

When does plasmolysis happen

When water leaves the cell

What is a hypotonic solution

When water moves into the cell

What happened with the cell wall is strong in a hypertonic solution

It can contain the swelling of the water going inside the cell

What happened with the cell wall isn’t strong enough for hypotonic solutions

The cell bursts ( osmotic lysis )

What is osmotic lysis

When the cells burts from having too much water move inside

What is an isotonic solution

No movement of water anywhere, stays put

What are halophiles

Salt loving

What are extreme halophiles

30% NaCI Archaea

What are facilitative halophiles

2% NaCI

To review what are the 3 types of biochemical requirements

Carbon Oxygen Organic (Nitrogen ( trace elements )

What is carbon sources

Structural of backbone of all living matter

What are the two types of carbon sources ?

Heterotrophs - carbon is derived from organic compounds ( proteins, carbohydrates) Autotrophs - carbon from CO2

What is heterotrophs

A carbon source - comes from organic compounds

What are autotrophs

- carbon source - In organic compounds Carbon comes from co2

What are 2 types of autotrophs ?

Chemoautotrophs Photoautotrophs

What are chemoautotrophs

Get their energy from inorganic compounds - carbon source - c from CO2

What are photoautotrophs

Get their energy from sunlight - carbon source - carbon from CO2

What does the biochemical of nitrogen use (3)

Amino acids / proteins Nucleic acids : dna & rna Atp

What is the biochemical nitrogen source

Breaking down of a protein containing materials

What is nitrogen fixation

The proceeds where an organism is able to N from gasesous N2

What is rhizobium

Nitrogen - symbiotic relationship with plants

What does sulfur use

Aminos acids

What does phosphorous use

Atp, dna rna, phospholipids

Do all organism need carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorous

Yes

Do all living cells need oxygen?

Why is oxygen harmful?

Strong oxidizer

What are obligate aerobes

Aerobic growth - needs oxygen

What are facultative anaerobes

Can use oxygen but not needed - both aerobic, anaerobic growth - greater growth if oxygen is there

What is obligate anaerobes

anerobix growth - can’t grow if oxygen there

What is aerotolerant anaerobes

- anaerobic growth - doesn’t use oxygen but grows if it’s there

What’s microaerophiles

- aerobic growth - requires less oxygen

Microbial Growth Flashcards

(59 cards)