Everything Session 5 (Substance Missuse)

Question 1

Definition of Substance misuse

Answer 1

The harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances, including alcohol and illicit drugs

Question 2

What is dependence syndrome?

Answer 2

Persistence of use of a substance despite its harmful consequences

Question 3

What are the 4 types of substances that can be misused?

Answer 3

Stimulants
Hallucinogens
Depressants
Volatile substances+designer drugs

Question 4

What are stimulants?

Answer 4

Substances that make you feel alert

Question 5

Examples of Stimulants

Answer 5

Tobacco
Cocaine
Speed-amphetamine
Mephedrone

Question 6

What are Hallucinogens?

Answer 6

Substances which alter the mind

Question 7

Examples of Hallucinogens

Answer 7

LSD
Magic Mushrooms
MDMA

Question 8

What are Depressants?

Answer 8

Substances that make you feel relaxed

Question 9

Examples of Depressants

Answer 9

Alcohol
Heroin
Tranquillisers
Cannabis

Question 10

What is physical dependence?

Answer 10

Experiencing symptoms associated with withdrawal from substance

Question 11

What is Psycholoigcal Dependance?

Answer 11

Dependence relating to having impaired control

Question 12

What indications are needed to diagnose Depenedence?

Answer 12

Strong desire or sense of compulsion to take substance
Difficulty in controlling substance taking behaviour
PHYSIOLOGICAL WITHDRAWAL STATE
EVIDENCE OF TOLERANCE
PROGRESSIVE NEGLECT OF ALTERNATE PLEASURES OR INTERESTS

Question 13

Risk factors leading to drug use

Answer 13

Family life issuers
Adverse childhood issues
Poor mental health
Unemployment and poor educational attainment
Social group
Previous Drug Use

Question 14

What models are there to aid understanding of drug use?

Answer 14

Moral model
Disease model
Psycho-dynamic model
Social learning model
Socio-cultural model
Public health model

Question 15

What are the 3 Theories explaining dependence

Answer 15

Classical conditioning model
Imitation theories
Rational choice

Question 16

Classical Conditioning Model for dependence

Answer 16

Cues, short term rewards and associations

A cue is paired with an unconditional response
Blood alcohol falls and now craving and withdraw from alcohol

Question 17

Imitiation theories for dependence

Answer 17

Social learning theory - learning through obs and listening to others

Seeing others use drugs/alcohol increase the likelihood you will use too

Self efficacy - thinking they have the ability to abstain if they want to

Question 18

Rational Choice theory for dependence

Answer 18

Making rational choices that favours the benefits of dependence over costs of it

Individuals motivated by goals and wants

Discounting the future makes them more likely to become addict and dependant

Question 19

What are the 4 categories of Effects that drug misuse has?

Answer 19

Physcial
Social
Psychological
Mental Health

Question 20

What are the Physical effects of drug misuse?

Answer 20

Complications from injection (DVT,abscesses)
Blood borne virus transmission
Poor pregnancy outcomes
Effects of poverty (malnutrition)

Question 21

Social Effects of drug misuse

Answer 21

Effects on families and children
Driven to criminality
Imprisonment
Social exclusion

Question 22

Psychosocial Effects of drug misuse

Answer 22

Fear of withdrawal
Cravings
Guilt

Question 23

Mental Health effects of drug misuse

Answer 23

Self medication
Depression

Question 24

Which is the behaviour cycle that aims to change health behaviours?

Answer 24

Prochaska Diclemente cycle of change

Question 25

What are the stage of the Prochaska Diclemente cycle of change?

Answer 25

Pre-contemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance (Relapse can happen at any point)

Question 26

What is the Pre-contemplation stage of the Prochaska Diclemente Cycle of Change?

Answer 26

Person not aware of the health implications of their actions (no desire to change)

Question 27

What is the Contemplation stage of the Prochaska Diclemente Cycle of Change?

Answer 27

Person recognises issue with their behaviour and starts to think about changing

Question 28

What is the Preparation stage of the Prochaska Diclemente Cycle of Change?

Answer 28

People prepare themselves to change their behaviour

Question 29

What is the Action stage of the Prochaska Diclemente Cycle of Change?

Answer 29

Individuals successfully and consistently performing new behaviour

Question 30

What is the Maintenance stage of the Prochaska Diclemente Cycle of Change?

Answer 30

Occurs when behaviour has been performed for months or longer

Question 31

What are the Psycho-social interventions for drug users?

Answer 31

-Health checks -Screening for blood borne viruses -Contraception -Sexual health advice

Question 32

What are the main elements of treatment and care for drug misuse?

Answer 32

Substitute prescribing (methadone = an opioid) Psycho-social counselling (Cognitive Behaviourial Therapy/support groups) Detoxification Maintenance medication (stopping overdosing)

Question 33

Which method of treatment has the best evidence for treating drug dependence?

Answer 33

Methadone maintenance treatment

Question 34

What are the 2 key elements for treatment?

Answer 34

Engagement of Patient Non-judgemental support workers