Everything Session 7 (Health Promotion)

Question 1

What is the definition for Health promotion?

Answer 1

The process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health. It moves beyond an individual behaviour to a wide range of social and environmental interventions

Question 2

What is the purpose of Public Health England (PHE)?

Answer 2

To protect and improve the nations health, wellbeing and reduce health inequalities

Question 3

What is the WHO definition of Health?

Answer 3

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Question 4

What is the problem with the WHO definition of health?

Answer 4

Rise of chronic illness has meant that people may never achieve health

Question 5

What is the concept of health?

Answer 5

The ability to adapt and self manage in the face of social, physical and emotional challenge

Question 6

What are the 5 approaches to health promotion?

Answer 6

-Medical
-Behavioural change (campaigns)
-Educational
-Empowerment (services)
-Social change (regulations e.g sugar tax)

Question 7

Why is prevention of illness better than a cure?

Answer 7

-Stronger economy (more healthy workers)
-Reduces NHS pressure
-Healthier
-More independent lifestyles

Question 8

What are the 5 features of The Ottawa Charter for Health promotion action?

Answer 8

-Building health public policy (having right policy in place)
-Creating a supporting environment
-Strengthening community actions
-Developing personal skills (access to information and education for health)
-Re-orientations health services

Question 9

What are the 2 types of approaches to Health promotion?

Answer 9

-Universal (reduces risk across whole pop.)
-Targeted (aims to identify most at risk and tailor messages to them)

Question 10

What are the 3 strategies for Health promotion?

Answer 10

-Policy, legislation and systems change
-Community development
-Health communication, information and education

Question 11

What Policy, legislation and systems changes can be made for Health promotions?

Answer 11

-Social policy changes (Smoking ban in public places)
-Fiscal approaches (approaches to discourage health harming behaviours, taxation on cigarettes)
-Bans and restrictions (reducing availability of substances so making them illegal)

Question 12

What are the negative effects of Obesity?
BMI > 30

Answer 12

Causes are range of co-morbidities
Economic costs about £27 Billion

Question 13

What causes obesity and how is it distributed across the population?

Answer 13

Maintained Energy input > energy expenditure over years

It is not equally distributed among ethnicities

Question 14

What procedures were put in place as part of The National Childhood Obesity Plan?

Answer 14

Mandatory calorie labelling on food
Ban price promotions of HFSS food and buy location (not near checkouts)
Sugar reduction (sugar tax)
Schools have to promote physical activity

Question 15

What are the short term and long term components of weight loss?

Answer 15

Diet in the Short Term
Physical activity in the Long Term

Question 16

What are the socioeconomic factors causing obesity?

Answer 16

Low income
Insecure work (employment)
Insufficient social activity
High living costs
Stressful environment where weight loss is less of a priority
Inability to afford healthier options

Question 17

How should we approach weight loss?

Answer 17

Give brief advice
Be aware of weight stigma
Listen to what works for a patients, not one diet fits all

Question 18

What are the 3 levels of prevention of illness?

Answer 18

-Primary prevention (prevent onset of illness)
-Secondary prevention (early diagnosis)
-Tertiary prevention (minimise effects of established diseases/prevent complications)

Question 19

What is Patient activation?

Answer 19

The knowledge, skills and confidence an individual has in managing their own and health and healthcare