evolution Flashcards
(39 cards)
what were Leclerc’s ideas
life forms are unchanging
humans and apes have a common ancestor
what were Cuvier’s ideas
paleontology
the study of ancient fossils
catastrophism
occurs when a disruptive event happens causing extinction and replacement with new species
what were Lyell’s idea
uniformitarianism
slow and subtle changes resulting in substantial changes in an environment
what were Lamarck’s idea
line of descent
old fossils leading to modern species and species increase complexity over time
inheritance of acquired traits
organisms become better adapted to their environment and most used body parts become stronger
what were Weismen’s ideas
The only material that can be passed on is the one in our sperm and eggs
what were darwin’s ideas
the theory of evolution by natural selection
hoe life has changed and continuously changed earth history
descent with modification
the ability to survive local environmental conditions
fossil records
fossils closer to the surface are more alike to species today they are in chronological order
transitional fossils
fossils that show intermediate link between a group of organisms
homologous v analogous
homologous
body parts that are similar in structure but no in function
analogous
structures with the same function but different internal anatomy
3 types of adaptations
behavioural
the things an organism do to survive and reproduce
physiological
permit organisms to perform special functions
structural
physical features of an organisms that help them adapt
mimcry
when a prey will mimic a predator to help them survive
adaptations vs variations
adaptation
processes that have an organism to survive and reproduce
variations
surgical, behavioural and physiological differences between individuals
mutations
permanent changes in the DNA can be positive or negative
selective advantage
helps an organisms survive and reptoduce
natural selection v artificial selection
artificial
selective pressure from humans in populations in order to improve a mod
natural selecting for individual in a populations
fitness
the contribution of an individual creates a gene flow
monoculture
planting the same plants all over a crop field so if one of them gets the disease
gene pool
total of all alleles of the next generation
monoculture
the % of each allele within a populations
micro evloutions
micro evoloutions
changing persentages of alleles
gene flow
between 2 different inbreeding populations
non-random mating
When individuals pick a mate based on phenotypes
founder effect
when a small part of a population leave to make an isolated one but this often lead to inbreeding
the bottle neck effect
when a traumatic event happens and wipes out most of the populations when they reproduce this will lead to less variety
