Genetics test

Question 1

what are the nitrogen bases?

Answer 1

A - adenine
T - thymine
C - cytosine
G - guanine

Question 2

what nitrogen bases pair together

Answer 2

A pair with T
C pair with G

Question 3

interphase

Answer 3

the cells spend most of there life there replicating DNA and make proteins etc.

Question 4

prophase

Answer 4

chromatids become tightly colied (chromosomes)

Question 5

metaphase

Answer 5

spindle fibres attach to the chromosomes pulling into a line along the middle of the cell

Question 6

anaphase

Answer 6

sister chromatids pull apart by spindle fibers and pulled towrad the centroies

Question 7

telophase

Answer 7

spindle fibres and centrioles disappear
nuclear membrane starts to reform
nucleolus form inside the nucleus

Question 8

cytokinesis

Answer 8

2 seperate cells or 2 identical daugther cells

Question 9

what is the purpose of mitosis

Answer 9

growth and replacing cells

Question 10

prophase |

Answer 10

homologous chromosomes are held tightly together while lined up segements of the chromosomes will be exchanged

Question 11

metaphase |

Answer 11

pairs of homologous chromosomes line up along equator of the cell
the spindle fibers attach to the centormere

Question 12

anaphase |

Answer 12

chromosomes seperate and move to opposite poles
sister chromatids are still connected

Question 13

telophase |

Answer 13

chromosomes begin to uncoil and spindle fibres disappear
a nucleus membrane form around each cell

Question 14

prophase ||

Answer 14

chromosomes condense and a new set of spindle fibers form

Question 15

metaphase ||

Answer 15

chromosomes line up along th eequator of the cell

Question 16

anaphase ||

Answer 16

the sister chromatids are pulled to the opposite poles
and become chromosomes

Question 17

telophase ||and cytokinesis

Answer 17

nuclei form at opposite poles and make 4 daugther cells

Question 18

differance between mitosis and meiosis

Answer 18

mitosis
stomacta (body cells)
2 diploid cells
identical
meiosis
sex clls
4 haploid body cells
NOT identical

Question 19

purpose of meiosis

Answer 19

genetic reduction
genetic recombination

Question 20

chromatids

Answer 20

one-half of a duplicated chromosomes

Question 21

sister chromatid

Answer 21

one of two chromosomes that are genetically identical and held together with a centromere

Question 22

centromere

Answer 22

the place where 2 sister chromosomes are held together

Question 23

homologous pair

Answer 23

paired chromosomes similar in size, shape, gene arrangements and gene formation

Question 24

crossing over

Answer 24

the exchange of genetic material

Question 25

haploid (N)

Answer 25

refers to the number of chromosomes in a gamete (23)

Question 26

diploid (2N)

Answer 26

refers to twice the number of chromosomes in a gamete (46)

Question 27

deletion

Answer 27

a segement of the chromosome is deleted

Question 28

duplication

Answer 28

a segment of the chromosome is duplicated

Question 29

inversion

Answer 29

a segment of the chromosome is inverted

Question 30

translocation

Answer 30

when a segment relocates to another spot in the chromosomes

Question 31

Klinefelter syndrome

Answer 31

sex chromosome XXY extra X chromosome sexual immaturity breast swelling

Question 32

Turner syndrome

Answer 32

sex chromosome OX lose of X chromosome short stature sexually underdevelopped webbed neck

Question 33

Down syndrome

Answer 33

autosome trisomy 21 almond-shaped eyes flatten face short stature

Question 34

karyotypes charts

Answer 34

used to examine an individual's chromosomes

Question 35

autosomes vs. sex chromosomes

Answer 35

autosomes a chromosome that ISN'T INVOLVED in the sex of a organism sex chromosome a chromosome that is involved in the sex of an organism(X,Y)

Question 36

in virto fertilization (IVF)

Answer 36

used when a woman has blocked fallopian tubes immature eggs combined with sperm in a lab or injecting the sperm into the egg

Question 37

advantages of IVF

Answer 37

increases conceiving you have control over timing

Question 38

disadvantages of IVF

Answer 38

birth defects expensive

Question 39

ethical issues of IVF

Answer 39

the quality of consent obtained from both parties the choice of embryos for traits

Question 40

law of segregation

Answer 40

traits determined by pairs of alleles that segregate during meiosis

Question 41

law of independent assortment

Answer 41

during gamete formation, the 2 alleles for one gene assort the allele

Question 42

non-disjunction

Answer 42

the failure of homologous chromosomes to pair to one pole to separate during meiosis

Question 43

synapsis

Answer 43

the alleging of homologous chromosomes during prophase 1

Question 44

allele

Answer 44

the different forms of the same gene

Question 45

homozygous

Answer 45

an organism with 2 identical alleles BB or DD

Question 46

heterozygous

Answer 46

an organism with 2 different alleles Bb or Dd

Question 47

dominant

Answer 47

the form of a trait that ALWAYS appears if they have the allele Rr or RR

Question 48

recessive

Answer 48

the form of trait that apears if they have TWO alleles for it rr

Question 49

blood types

Answer 49

A B AB O AA, AO BB, BO AB. OO Aint-B Aint-A NONE Aint-AB

Question 50

Incomplete dominance

Answer 50

mixing the colours white + red = pink

Question 51

co-dominance

Answer 51

the pattern of inheritance where both alleles are expressed AT THE SAME TIME white + red = white with red spots

Question 52

complete dominance

Answer 52

when only one allele can be shown red + red = RED