Evolution Flashcards
(11 cards)
What is evolution?
The process of change in all forms of life over generations, involving inherited variation and niche construction.
Why is reproduction central to evolution?
It ensures the survival of the species and allows traits to be passed on.
What are some unique features of human reproduction?
Pair bonding, collective childcare, and cultural institutions.
What is serial reproduction, and who practiced it?
Raising one offspring at a time; practiced by Australopithecus.
What reproductive pattern did Homo ergaster follow?
Parallel reproduction – caring for multiple children of different ages at once.
What tools and practices did Homo ergaster use?
Stone hand axes, possibly fire, and a diet including meat.
What does the “grandmother hypothesis” propose?
Older adults increased human longevity by contributing to childcare.
When did humans begin to live significantly past 30?
Around 20–30,000 years ago, due to cultural changes.
Where and when did Homo sapiens first evolve?
Over 300,000 years ago in Africa.
What evidence suggests Homo sapiens and Neanderthals used language?
Biological similarities and interbreeding; though the exact evolution of language is debated.
What does representational art from 40,000 years ago suggest?
The emergence of an “imagined world” and abstract thinking.
