Theoretic perspectives Flashcards
(22 cards)
Genetic Psychology for what era?
1890’s to 1950s
What are the key known facts for genetic psychology?
1) Development is viewed as a process of maturation in environments taht could either foster or corrupt it.
2) The characteristics of each developmental stage were thought to be reflections of prior evolutions
3) Key figures include: G.Stanley Hall, Arnold Gesel, Erik Erikson
4) Methodology included speculation but als standardised tests, longitudinal and cross-sectional studies, twin studies and recording of children’s behaviour
What is the main view of development in genetic psychology 1890’s -1950s
development is a process of maturation influenced by environments that could either foster or corrupt it.
how were developmental stages viewed in genetic psychology?
As reflections of prior evaluation
Who are key figures in genetic psychology?
G.Stanley Hall, Arnold Gesel, Erik Erikson
What methodologies were used in genetic psychology?
Speculation, standardised tests, longitudinal and cross- sectional studies, twin studies, and behavioural recordings
How did behaviourists (1930s-1950s) view development?
As a result of environmental conditioning
What did behaviourists reject from earlier theories?
Speculations of the soul and evolutionary origins(like those of hall) and early psychoanalytical theories, considering them pseudoscientific
Who were key figures in behaviourism?
John B Watson, Ivan Pavlov, B.F. Skinner, Albert Bandura
What was the behaviourist approach to studying psychology?
A scientific focus only on observable behaviours
What is the focus of the cognitive developmental approach? (1950s/60s)
Internal, invisible processes of information processing, like mental models and concepts
What key distinction is made in cognitive developmental theory
Between competence (knowledge) and performance (use of knowledge)
Who is a key figure in cognitive developmental theory?
Noam Chomsky(nativist perspective) among others.
What does Constructivism (1950s) emphasize about the child?
The child actively interacts with the environment and constructs knowledge through assimilation and accommodation.
How does development proceed in Constructivism?
Through a universal sequence of qualitatively distinct stages.
Who is a key figure in Constructivism?
Jean Piaget (often combined with cognitive-neuro approaches later).
What does the Cultural Perspective (1920s/60s) emphasize in development?
The role of cultural artifacts and the idea that development is a process of constitution rather than causation
Who are key figures in the Cultural Perspective?
Lev Vygotsky, Alexander Luria, Aleksei Leontiev, Jerome Bruner, Richard Shweder, Michael Cole, Barbara Rogoff, Urie Bronfenbrenner.
What is the difference between endogenous and exogenous factors in development?
Endogenous = internal (e.g., genetic), Exogenous = external (e.g., environmental/cultural).
How does Cultural Psychology view development?
As a process where biology and culture jointly contribute to increasingly complex psychological functions.
What role do artifacts play in Cultural Psychology?
Artifacts mediate the relationship between humans and their environment.
What is the Anthropocene notion in Cultural Psychology?
The idea that our environment is no longer natural but shaped by human-made artifacts.
