Ex. 4 - Moisturizing Cream

Question 1

Designed to improve the skin quality, maintain and/or restore the moisture content of stratum corneum as well as keep it smooth and pliable, and aid in alleviating the symptoms of dry skin.

Answer 1

Moisturizers

Question 2

Dry skin is an uncomfortable condition marked by _______, ________, and _______

Answer 2

scaling, itching, and cracking

Question 3

Major types of moisturizers

Answer 3

• Humectants
• Emollients
• Occlusives

Question 4

Draws water into the outer layer of the skin from the air or underlying layers of the skin

Answer 4

Humectants

Question 5

Examples of humectants

Answer 5

Glycerin, sorbitol, urea, and
sodium lactate

Question 6

Work by forming an oily layer on the top of the skin that traps water in the skin.

Answer 6

Emollients

Question 7

Examples of emollients

Answer 7

Hydrocarbons, fatty acids, vegetable oils, and waxes

Question 8

Examples of hydrocarbons

Answer 8

Mineral oil, Petrolatum

Question 9

Examples of fatty acids

Answer 9

Stearic acid, linoleic acid,
lauric acid

Question 10

Example of vegetable oil

Answer 10

almond oil

Question 11

Examples of waxes

Answer 11

Beeswax, carnauba wax,
polyethylene wax, cetyl alcohol

Question 12

Create a hydrophobic barrier to physically block transepidermal water loss

Answer 12

occlusives

Question 13

Examples of occlusives

Answer 13

Petrolatum, Silicon Derivatives
such as dimethicone

Question 14

T/F: Emollients add hydration from their formulation to soften and soothe the skin

Answer 14

True

Question 15

T/F: Majority of moisturizing formulations are emulsions.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Stabilizes the formulation. Has a large impact on the rheological properties of the formulation

Answer 16

Emulsifiers and thickening agents

Question 17

Most common examples of emulsifiers

Answer 17

Cationic emulsifiers, Nonionic, and polymeric surfactants

Question 18

T/F: Thickening agents have a minor role in the skin feel of emulsions

Answer 18

False. They have an important role

Question 19

Examples of hydrophilic thickening agents

Answer 19

Gums (Xanthan gum), Cellulose derivatives, and acrylic polymers

Question 20

Examples of liposoluble thickening agents

Answer 20

Waxes (cetyl alcohol)

Question 21

T/F: Creams are W/O while ointments are O/W

Answer 21

False. Creams are O/W while ointments are W/O

Question 22

In the perspective of moisturizers, thickening agents are called __________

Answer 22

texturizing agents

Question 23

Inhibit bacterial growth in the formulation and prevent microbiological deterioration

Answer 23

Preservatives

Question 24

Examples of preservatives

Answer 24

Parabens, methylisothiazolidone

Question 25

This preservative is documented to have adverse reactions, where higher concentrations are carcinogenic

Answer 25

Parabens

Question 26

Prevent oxidization of sensitive components and thus rancidity

Answer 26

Antioxidants

Question 27

Examples of antioxidants

Answer 27

BHT and BHA

Question 28

What are the functional ingredients?

Answer 28

natural additives, vitamins, peptides and proteins, hydroxy acids, and B-glucans

Question 29

Examples of natural additives

Answer 29

Fruit and vegetable extracts

Question 30

Examples of vitamins

Answer 30

Vitamins A and E, and Panthenol

Question 31

This functional ingredient has antioxidant effects, improve the skin tone, and reduce wrinkles

Answer 31

Vitamins

Question 32

Examples of peptides and proteins

Answer 32

Collagen, Hyaluronic acids, Milk proteins

Question 33

This functional ingredient gives soft and smooth feeling

Answer 33

peptides and proteins

Question 34

This cosmetic additive improve the overall aesthetic qualities of moisturizer products

Answer 34

fragrances

Question 35

this cosmetic additive is usually soft in color for moisturizers

Answer 35

coloring agents

Question 36

This cosmetic additive gives Consumer acceptance and aesthetic purpose. Pearlescent pigments, soft-feeling agents, opacifying agents.

Answer 36

Aesthetic agents

Question 37

Examples of opacifying agents under cosmetic additives

Answer 37

titanium dioxide, glycol stearate

Question 38

T/F: In the manufacturing procedure, vigorous mixing shall be done when cooling to 40C

Answer 38

False. Gentle mixing only to prevent the formation of bubbles

Question 39

Packaging for moisturizers

Answer 39

Plastic bottles, soft tubes, and plastic and glass jars

Question 40

methods done to evaluate skin hydration of the moisturizer

Answer 40

* Conductance method * Capacitance method

Question 41

Methods to measure transepidermal water loss

Answer 41

* Open chamber devices (Evaporimeter®, Tewameter ®) * Closed chamber (VapoMeter®)

Question 42

What are the qualities to be observed when assessing skin surface (topography)

Answer 42

* Roughness * Friction * Desquamation * Sebum * Elasticity

Question 43

T/F: As an efficacy parameter in aesthetic qualities, the appearance of the moisturizer must be assessed after introducing the moisturizer to the skin

Answer 43

True

Question 44

T/F: As an efficacy parameter in aesthetic qualities, greasiness should be kept at minimum.

Answer 44

True

Question 45

T/F: As an efficacy parameter in aesthetic qualities, in assessing slip, grittiness is also kept at minimum

Answer 45

False. There should be no grittiness

Question 46

For safety parameters, what are the ingredients causing safety concerns?

Answer 46

* Fragrances * Lanolin * Urea * Propylene glycol * Herbal extracts

Question 47

T/F: Fragrances and herbal extracts cause allergic reactions

Answer 47

True

Question 48

T/F: In formulation, propylene glycol can be used 80%

Answer 48

False. Until 30% w/v only

Question 49

What are the 3 methods in quality parameters that determines the emulsion type?

Answer 49

* Conductivity measurement * Solubility * Dispersion by dilution

Question 50

Bonus question: Who has the most moisturized skin and is always everyday glowing?

Answer 50

Andre Martin E. Marapao