Ex. 6 - Toothpaste

Question 1

“powder for rubbing the teeth”

Answer 1

Dentrificum

Question 2

This term came from the two words: Dentis (tooth) and fricare (to rub)

Answer 2

Dentrifices

Question 3

T/F: Dentrifices are Agents used with a toothbrush to clean and polish the accessible surfaces of the teeth

Answer 3

true

Question 4

T/F: The forms of dentrifices are pastes, powders, gels or liquid. However, the most important is the paste form because of its inherent consumer benefits, preferred dosage vehicle for special therapeutic and cosmetic agents.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Toothpaste: Functions

• To provide special _______ effect
• For teeth ________
• To ______ breath
• To ______ sensitivity of hypersensitive teeth
• To reduce ______
• To help prevent ______
• To promote ______ health (anti-gingivitis)
• To act as vehicles for abrasives to remove ____________
• To act as ________ to introduce active agents into the oral cavity

Answer 5

cleaning; freshen; reduce; plaque; caries/tartar; gum; stain pellicle; vehicle

Question 6

These substances are used to reduce the hypersensitive teeth

Answer 6

potassium nitrate and stannous fluoride

Question 7

this powder has special cleaning effects

Answer 7

baking soda

Question 8

is a biofilm or mass of bacteria that grows on surfaces within the mouth.

Answer 8

dental plaque

Question 9

Removal of dental biofilm is important as it may become ______ causing ________________ of the teeth also known as _______, or harden into _______________ (also known as tartar).

Answer 9

acidic; demineralization; caries; dental calculus

Question 10

T/F: the bacteria in the dental plaque feeds on sugar that produces the acid

Answer 10

True

Question 11

This exerts mechanical cleansing effect. Helps remove stained pellicle. Acts in concert with the toothbrush.

Answer 11

Abrasive

Question 12

T/F: Particle size of abrasives are largely below 0.4 mm in diameter

Answer 12

True

Question 13

is a protein film that forms on the surface enamel by selective binding of glycoproteins from saliva that
prevents continuous deposition of salivary calcium phosphate

Answer 13

dental pellicle

Question 14

This abrasive agent is a polishing agents which makes up 0.2 to 0.6% of volume of toothpaste. It is present in small fractions (less than 1/10 of the weight of the principal abrasive) and the particle size is 0.2 micrometers

Answer 14

Titanium

Question 15

Insoluble phosphate, Dicalcium phosphate (dihydrate and anhydrous), calcium phosphate, sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) calcium carbonate (precipitated chalk), hydrated silica, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, granular polyvinyl chloride

Answer 15

Abrasive

Question 16

T/F: Typical dentifrices which have
significant consumer acceptability
are the toothpaste having a high
content of water-insoluble abrasive
such as dicalcium phosphate and sodium monofluorophosphate 0.2% in aqueous humectant base

Answer 16

True

Question 17

• Surface active agent
• Has foaming and detergent properties

Answer 17

Foaming agent (surfactant)

Question 18

sodium lauryl sulfate(SLS), sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, magnesium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfoacetate, dioctylsulfosuccinate, sodium coconut monoglyceride sulfonate

Answer 18

Foaming agent (surfactant)

Question 19

• Imparts pleasant taste sensation (cooling)
• Leave a residual freshness and cooling sensation

Answer 19

Flavoring agent

Question 20

peppermint, spearmint, wintergreen, cinnamon, mint, thymol, menthol, clove oil, eucalyptol oil

Answer 20

Flavoring agent

Question 21

T/F: Flavoring agents for children include special flavors, such as bubble gum and fruit aromas (mango, strawberry, apple, and banana)

Answer 21

True

Question 22

• Sweetens the taste
• Non fermentable sugar

Answer 22

Sweetening agent

Question 23

sodium saccharin (most widely used), sorbitol, mannitol, glycerin, acesulfame, aspartame

Answer 23

Sweetening agent

Question 24

Maintain moisture and consistency of paste by absorbing moisture from air

Answer 24

Humectant

Question 25

T/F: Humectants also provide a creamy base which resists drying out. It can also be a vehicle where other ingredients can be suspended or dissolved.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

T/F: Humectants are 15 to 80% of total vehicle

Answer 26

False. 5 to 35%

Question 27

glycerol, 70% sorbitol,PG, PEG, mannitol

Answer 27

Humectant

Question 28

* Maintains the PASTY consistency of the preparation * Develops a cohesive structure with desired rheological properties * hydrophilic colloids that disperse and swell in the water phase

Answer 28

Binder/Gelling Agent/Thickeners

Question 29

synthetic cellulose derivatives (CMC,MC,HEC), alginates, gums, carrageenan or calcium, carrageenate, carbomer; polyacrylates, clays (both natural processed bentonite and synthetic clays), precipitated silica

Answer 29

Binder/Gelling Agent/Thickeners

Question 30

* to provide a pleasant appearance

Answer 30

Coloring agent

Question 31

mica, organic pigments, such as Blue 1and Red 33, Titanium dioxide (white color)

Answer 31

Coloring agent

Question 32

Prevents bacterial growth on binding agent

Answer 32

Preservative

Question 33

T/F: Toothpaste without ionic surfactants are formulated with preservatives (approx. 0.2% w/w) to prevent bacterial growth for long term storage

Answer 33

True

Question 34

sodium benzoate, dichlorophene, ethyl and methyl paraben; formaldehyde

Answer 34

Preservative

Question 35

Active agents Whitening agents Water

Answer 35

Special additives

Question 36

to provide therapeutic and/ or other special benefits

Answer 36

Active agents

Question 37

Active agents such as Fluoride compounds like _______________ or ______________ for effective control of dental caries and tooth decay

Answer 37

stannous fluoride; sodium fluoride

Question 38

This special additive assists in formulation

Answer 38

Water

Question 39

What type of toothpaste based on formulation that has a low abrasive level and high humectant level? This is also for people with high sensitivity

Answer 39

Type I

Question 40

What type of toothpaste based on formulation that has a high abrasive level and low humectant level? This is also for people who wants to remove tartar or dental plaque

Answer 40

Type II

Question 41

Characteristics of toothpaste T/F: The toothpaste should penetrate into the bristle of the brush, which should form a string when finger is pulled away from ribbon.

Answer 41

False. Does not penetrate into the bristle of the brush, does not form a string

Question 42

Toothpaste rheology T/F: Becomes deformed and flowable with application of minimal stress. Reestablishes its original structure almost instantaneously

Answer 42

True

Question 43

T/F: A heterogenous ribbon is formed upon extrusion from the container

Answer 43

False. Homogenous

Question 44

T/F: The paste freely flows from open container in the absence of an extrusion pressure.

Answer 44

False. Does not flow

Question 45

T/F: A pressure of a squeeze of a whole hand is required to extrude the paste

Answer 45

False. minimal effort must be required

Question 46

T/F: The extruded ribbon of the paste breaks sharply and cleanly onto the toothbrush.

Answer 46

True

Question 47

T/F: The paste disperse quickly in the mouth and does not feel gummy. The flavor should also release quickly

Answer 47

True

Question 48

T/F: The foam rinses from the mouth easily, leaving no residual gummy feeling in the mouth. In addition, spittle is easily rinsed from the sink.

Answer 48

True

Question 49

T/F: Dispensing of the paste is incompatible with the dispensing mechanism.

Answer 49

False. Compatible

Question 50

Toothpaste Quality Parameters

Answer 50

1.Spreadability 2. Extrudability 3.Foaming property 4.Flavor 5. Preservative Efficacy 6. Viscosity 7.Color 8.pH

Question 51

Efficacy(Performance) Parameters

Answer 51

1.Antimicrobial activity 2.Whitening activity 3.Hypersensitivity reduction