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ORG CHEM LAB > EX 7: HYDROCARBONS > Flashcards

EX 7: HYDROCARBONS Flashcards

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1
Q

organic compounds composed of CARBON and HYDROGEN atoms only

A

HYDROCARBONS

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2
Q

most hydrocarbons are used as ____ because of its flammable property

A

FUEL

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3
Q

most hydrocarbons are used as fuel because of its ______ property

A

FLAMMABLE

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4
Q

have a special property to catenate forming seemingly ENDLESS CHAIN OF CARBONS (potential combinations estimated up to 10^6)

A

HYDROCARBONS

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5
Q

Hydrocarbons have a special property to ________ forming seemingly ENDLESS CHAIN OF CARBONS (potential combinations estimated up to 10^6)

A

CATENATE

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6
Q

the ability to attach sa kapareho niya

A

CATENATE

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7
Q

these can catenate

A

CARBON & SILICONE

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8
Q

Hydrocarbons are _____ in nature, thereby most of them are insoluble in water

A

non-polar

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9
Q

hydrocarbons are non-polar in nature, thereby most of them are _______ in water

A

INSOLUBLE

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10
Q

tension between oil & water

A

INTERFACIAL TENSION

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11
Q

classification of hydrocarbons based on the presence of bonds

A

SATURATED
UNSATURATED

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12
Q

carbon atoms are bonded with SINGLE BOND

A

SATURATED

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13
Q

carbon atoms are bonded with DOUBLE OR TRIPLE BONDS

A

UNSATURATED

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14
Q

MORE stable & LESS reactive type of hydrocarbon

A

SATURATED

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15
Q

LESS stable & MORE reactive type of hydrocarbon

A

UNSATURATED

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16
Q

a disease where there are tumigas na fatty acids

A

ATHEROSCLEROSIS

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17
Q

SATURATED fats are most commonly found in

A

animal fats

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18
Q

UNSATURATED fats are most commonly found in

A

PLANT BASED OILS

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19
Q

these are LIQUID at room temperature

A

UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS
plant based oils

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20
Q

these are SOLID at room temperature

A

SATURATED FATTY ACIDS
animal fats

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21
Q

MUFA

A

monounsaturated fatty acids

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22
Q

PUFA

A

polyunsaturated fatty acids

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23
Q

single bond possesses one _____ bond which is relatively a STRONG type of bond

A

SIGMA

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24
Q

WEAK type of bond

A

pi bonds

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25
acyclic; linear structure; could be straight or branched chains
OPEN-CHAIN
26
cyclic; ring structure; could aliphatic or aromatic
CLOSED-CHAIN
27
TYPE OF HYDROCARBONS: saturated, unsaturated, cyclic
ALIPHATIC
28
TYPE OF HYDROCARBONS: Benzene and its Derivatives, polycyclic benzenoids
AROMATIC
29
alkanes synonym
PARAFFINS
30
alkenes synonym
OLEFINS
31
paraffins are also known as
PETROLATUM
32
hybridization: alkanes
sp3
33
hybridization: alkenes
sp2
34
presence of single or multiple bonds: alkanes
saturated
35
presence of single or multiple bonds: alkenes
unsaturated
36
presence of single or multiple bonds: alkynes
unsaturated
37
hybridization: alkynes
sp
38
general formula: alkanes
CnH2n+2
39
general formula: alkenes
CnH2n
40
general formula: alkynes
CnH2n-2
41
carbon-carbon bonding: alkanes
1 sigma bond
42
carbon-carbon bonding: alkenes
1 sigma, 1 pi
43
carbon-carbon bonding: alkynes
1 sigma, 2 pi
44
are CYCLIC hydrocarbons with DELOCALIZED PI ELECTRONS between carbon atoms of ring
AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
45
aromatic hcs natural characteristics are described as
AROMATICITY
46
criteria for aromaticity
CYCLIC FLAT OR PLANAR CONJUGATED DOUBLE BONDS HUCKEL'S RULE
47
alternating double bonds
CONJUGATED
48
according to _______________, a compound is particularly stable if all of its bonding molecular orbitals are filled with paired electrons
HUCKEL'S MOLECULAR ORBITAL THEORY
49
the most common example of an aromatic compound
benzene
50
benzene undergoes ________ reaction wherein the ring system is not destroyed and therefore resist addition of substituent groups within the pi bonds
SUBSTITUTION
51
benzene undergoes substitution reaction wherein the ring system is not destroyed and therefore ________ of substituent groups within the pi bonds
RESIST ADDITION
52
________ resembles reactions of saturated rather than unsaturated hydrocarbons
AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
53
IGNITION TEST: Luminous flame burns _______ flame
BRIGHTLY YELLOW
54
IGNITION TEST: Non-luminous flame burns almost ___________ flame
INVISIBLE BLUE
55
hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and heat
COMBUSTION REACTION
56
hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen to produce _______, _______, ______
CO2, H2O, HEAT
57
COMPLETE combustion releases ___
CO2
58
INCOMPLETE combustion releases ______ (toxic)
CARBON MONOXIDE (CO)
59
1 rbc can accommodate how many oxygen
4
60
hydrocarbons react with INSUFFICIENT amount of oxygen, instead of producing CO2, produces CO, H2O and C as products
INCOMPLETE COMBUSTION
61
when a fuel (e.g. gasoline, kerosene) burns in PLENTY OF AIR, it receives enough oxygen for complete combustion, thereby producing ________
NON-LUMINOUS FLAME
62
when a fuel burns in a LIMITED SPACE (e.g. car engine), there is no enough oxygen to completely oxidize the fuel, thereby producing __________
BLACK SMOKE/SOOT
63
BAEYER’S TEST: indicates a positive result
BROWN / REDDISH BROWN PPT
64
BAEYER’S TEST is named after
Adolf von Baeyer
65
used as a QUALITATIVE TEST FOR UNSATURATION (presence of double or triple bonds)
BAEYER'S TEST
66
Baeyer's reagent is an alkaline solution of
POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE (KMnO4)
67
a STRONG OXIDIZER
KMnO4
68
reaction with DOUBLE OR TRIPLE BONDS (-C=C- or -C≡C-) in an organic material causes the color to fade from purple to BROWN precipitate
BAEYER'S TEST
69
an alkene/alkyne is oxidized by KMnO4 producing products of a DIOL (for alkene), an alkane with FOUR HYDROXYL GROUPS (for alkyne), a manganese dioxide (MnO2) and permanganate ion (MnO4^2-)
OXIDATION REACTION
70
oxidation reaction product for ALKENE w/ KMnO4
DIOL
71
oxidation reaction product for ALKYNE w/ KMnO4
alkane w/ 4 hydroxyl groups
72
BROMINE TEST: indicates a positive result
CLEAR COLORLESS SOLN
73
BROMINE TEST: _____ may yield clear pinkish color because of its innate color
GASOLINE
74
BROMINE TEST: gasoline may yield clear ______ color because of its innate color
PINKISH
75
- used as a qualitative test for UNSATURATION (presence of double or triple bonds) - reaction with double or triple bonds (-C=C- or -C≡C-) in an organic material causes the color to fade from BROWN TO CLEAR COLORLESS solution
BROMINE TEST
76
____ is dissolved either in dichloromethane, chloroform, or carbon tetrachloride and the alkene/alkyne sample is added to it
BROMINE
77
an alkene/alkyne reacts with Br2 producing products of a dibromo for alkene and ultimately a tetrabromo for alkyne
ADDITION REACTION
78
the ________ in alkenes and alkynes are SUSCEPTIBLE to ADDITION reactions
WEAK PI BONDS
79
Addition reaction product of ALKENE w/ Bromine
DIBROMO
80
Addition reaction product of ALKYNE w/ Bromine
TETRABROMO
81
AROMATICITY (NITRATION): indicates a positive result
YELLOW COLORED LAYER
82
benzene is nitrated using a NITRATING ACID (HNO3 + H2SO4) to produce NITROBENZENE
AROMATICITY
83
predicts the PRESENCE OF AROMATIC RING through the formation of YELLOW COLORED LAYER in solution after warming the test sample
AROMATICITY
84
only _______ will proceed through electrophilic aromatic substitution
AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
85
only aromatic compounds will proceed through ________ aromatic substitution
ELECTROPHILIC
86
- electron LOVING - electron POOR
ELECTROPHILIC
87
a very powerful electrophile
NITRONIUM ION

ORG CHEM LAB (20 decks)

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