EXPT 12 AMINES Flashcards by CHESKA CIANNELLE FRANCISCO

 organic compounds composed of an AMINO GROUP (–NH2)
 are DERIVATIVES OF AMMONIA in which one or more of the hydrogens has been replaced by an alkyl or aryl group
 these group of compounds are
classified as PRIMARY, SECONDARY or TERTIARY depending on the number of alkyl or aryl group directly bonded to the nitrogen atom

AMINES

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rich in nitrites
used as preservatives (usually in longganisa)
toxic
nitrosamines - very carcinogenic

SALITRE

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essential for life

AMINO

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are commonly prepared through reduction reactions of nitro, nitrites and amino compounds

SYNTHESIS OF AMINES

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PRIMARY amines are usually prepared by _________ by ALKYL HALIDES

DIRECT ALKYLATION OF AMMONIA

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the general strategy is to first form a ________ by reacting a nitrogen nucleophile with a carbon electrophile

CARBON-NITROGEN BOND

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most amines are

BRONSTED-LEWIS BASES

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amines’ alkaline strength largely depends on the ______ attached to the amino compound

SUBSTITUENTS

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amines react with _____, accepting protons from the latter to form salt product

ACIDS

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amines react with acids, accepting ______ from the latter to form salt product

PROTONS

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amines react with acids, accepting protons from the latter to form _____ product

SALT

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salitre is also known as

CHILE SALTPETER

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amines may also react with __________, producing a decolorized solution with white precipitate

BROMINE WATER

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amines may also react with bromine water, producing a
____________________

decolorized solution with white precipitate

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product formed in the RXN OF AMINE W/ BROMINE WATER

2,4,6-tribromophenylamine

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side product formed in the RXN OF AMINE W/ BROMINE WATER that results to decoloration of the solution

HYDROBROMIC ACID

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reaction involved in the RXN W/ BROMINE WATER

ELECTROPHILIC AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION

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used to differentiate primary, secondary and tertiary amines

HINSBER’S TEST

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HINSBERG’S TEST reagent

benzene sulfonyl chloride

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anti-bacterial

SULFONAMIDES

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SULFONAMIDES from primary amines are _______ in water and re-precipitating with dilute HCl

SOLUBLE

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secondary amines are _______ in water and dilute HCl

INSOLUBLE

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liberation of CO2

EFFERVESCENCE

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RXN W/ NITROUS ACID POSITIVE RESULT:
primary amine

formation of effervescence

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RXN W/ NITROUS ACID POSITIVE RESULT: secondary amine

yellow, oily layer

RXN W/ NITROUS ACID POSITIVE RESULT: tertiary amine

clear colorless

primary amines react with nitrous acid forming

NITROGEN GAS W/ ALCOHOL

secondary amines react with nitrous acid producing

N-NITROSAMINE

tertiary amines react with nitrous acid producing

WATER-SOLUBLE AMMONIUM SALTS

group of organic chemicals usually composed of benzene and its homologues with an attached NITRO group (–NO2)

NITRO

the nitrogen of NITRO has a formal __________, which is a strong electrophile

POSITIVE CHARGE

the nitrogen of NITRO has a formal positive charge, which is a _________

STRONG ELECTROPHILE

used to identify NITRO COMPOUNDS

FERROUS HYDROXIDE TEST

POSITIVE RESULT of FERROUS HYDROXIDE TEST

REDDISH BROWN PPT

nitro compounds oxidize ferrous hydroxide forming a ____________ of ferric hydroxide, while the nitro compound is reduced to a primary amine

REDDISH BROWN PPT

nitro compounds oxidize ferrous hydroxide forming a reddish-brown precipitate of ferric hydroxide, while the nitro compound is reduced to a __________

PRIMARY AMINE

during the late ____________, Janovsky discovered that when nitro compounds are treated with acetone in an alkaline environment, these compounds will yield colored complexes due to the formation of Meisenheimer complexes

19th century

during the late 19th century, _____ discovered that when nitro compounds are treated with acetone in an alkaline environment, these compounds will yield colored complexes due to the formation of Meisenheimer complexes

JANOVSKY

during the late 19th century, Janovsky discovered that when nitro compounds are treated with ______ in an alkaline environment, these compounds will yield colored complexes due to the formation of Meisenheimer complexes

ACETONE

during the late 19th century, Janovsky discovered that when nitro compounds are treated with acetone in an alkaline environment, these compounds will yield _____________ due to the formation of Meisenheimer complexes

COLORED COMPLEXES

during the late 19th century, Janovsky discovered that when nitro compounds are treated with acetone in an alkaline environment, these compounds will yield colored complexes due to the formation of ______________

MEISENHEIMER COMPLEXES

MONO-nitro substituted benzene will give

LIGHT YELLOW

DI-nitro substituted benzene will give

bluish purple

TRI-nitro substituted benzene will give

blood red

pang dikit sa amino acids

PEPTIDE BONDS

pinagsama-samang amino acids

PEPTIDES

building blocks of macromolecules proteins

AMINO ACIDS & PEPTIDES

these amino acids form _________ through a nucleophilic attack to the carbonyl carbon of the carboxyl group of one amino acid by the amino group of another amino acid

POLYMERS

these amino acids form polymers through a ___________ to the carbonyl carbon of the carboxyl group of one amino acid by the amino group of another amino acid

NUCLEOPHILIC ATTACK

amino acids & peptides reaction forms an __________ in between the two linked amino acids; the resulting structure is known as a peptide

AMINE BOND

amino acids & peptides reaction forms an amide bond in between the two linked amino acids; the resulting structure is known as a ______

PEPTIDE

bond between a carbonyl & amino group

PEPTIDE BOND

general test for the presence of amino acids

NINHYDRIN TEST

yellow solution, a very strong oxidizing agent

NINHYDRIN

POSITIVE RESULT in NINHYDRIN TEST

BLUE TO PURPLE

how many amino acids (primary) in the body

20 19 - real 1 - IMINO acid (secondary)

ninhydrin reacts with the amino acid producing an intermediate product __________, which further reacts forming Ruhemann’s complex

HYDRINDANTIN

ninhydrin reacts with the amino acid producing an intermediate product hydrindantin, which further reacts forming ___________

RUHEMANN'S COMPLEX

__________ proline produces a bright yellow color while asparagine yields a brown-colored product

IMINO ACID

imino acid proline produces a ________ color while asparagine yields a brown-colored product

BIRGHT YELLOW

imino acid proline produces a bright yellow color while ________ yields a brown-colored product

ASPARAGINE

imino acid proline produces a bright yellow color while asparagine yields a _________ product

BROWN

a protein that binds drugs for activation

albumin

general test for PEPTIDES

BIURET TEST

- may protein sa ihi - kidneys not functioning properly

PROTEINUREA

this chemical reaction is widely employed to detect the PRESENCE OF PROTEINS & PEPTIDES (especially in MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC TESTING)

BIURET TEST

causes VASOCONSTRICTION

COCCAINE

basic compound that has many nitrogen in structure

ALKALOIDS

 are naturally occurring organic compounds containing BASIC NITROGEN ATOMS  very diverse biomolecules, but all are SECONDARY METABOLITES derived from amino acids or from transamination process  commonly have MEDICINAL PROPERTIES such as local anesthetics, stimulants and even as an antimalarial, to name a few  have BITTER taste, mostly colorless, crystalline in structure

ALKALOIDS

- local anesthetic - poison arrows - causes paralysis

TUBOCURARINE

antimalarial

quinine, quinidine

mask the bitter taste of alkaloids

ERIODICTYON / YERBA SANTA

derived from AMINO ACIDS and they share a HETEROCYCLIC RING with NITROGEN

TRUE ALKALOIDS

compounds in which the NITROGEN derived from an amino acid is NOT PART OF THE HETEROCYCLIC RING

PROTOALKALOIDS

their BASIC CARBON SKELETONS are NOT DERIVED FROM AMINO ACIDS

PSEUDOALKALOIDS

qualitative chemical tests can be employed to detect the presence of alkaloids through the ____________

FORMATION OF PPT

Dragendorff's reagent (Dr. KBi)

Potassium bismuth iodide

Mayer's reagent (MaKMerI)

potassium mercuric iodide

Valser's reagent (VaMerI)

mercuric iodide

Hager's reagent (HagSaPicA)

saturated picric acid