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ORG CHEM LAB > EX6: SIMPLE DISTILLATION & CHROMATOGRAPHY > Flashcards

EX6: SIMPLE DISTILLATION & CHROMATOGRAPHY Flashcards

1
Q

involves the PROCESS OF SEPARATING two or more liquids homogenously mixed but WITH DIFFERENT BOILING POINTS (at least 20 degrees difference)

A

SIMPLE DISTILLATION

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2
Q

when the mixture of liquids to be distilled is heated, the liquid with the _________ TURNS INTO VAPOR FIRST

A

LOWEST BOILING POINT

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3
Q

as the DISTILLATION PROGRESSES, the CONCENTRATION of the lowest boiling component will steadily ________

A

DECREASE

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4
Q

eventually, the TEMPERATURE within the apparatus will BEGIN TO CHANGE and a __________ can NO LONGER BE DISTILLED

A

PURE COMPOUND

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5
Q

the TEMPERATURE within the apparatus will continue to _______ until the BOILING POINT of the other liquid LEFT at the distilling flask

A

INCREASE

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6
Q

when the temperature again stabilizes, another pure fraction of the distillate can be collected

A

FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION

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6
Q

1) as the solution STARTS TO BOIL, the liquid with the _____________ turns to vapors first

A

LOWEST BOILING POINT

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7
Q

2) this vapor would then be CONDENSED BACK into liquid inside the condenser, which will then be collected as the _______

A

DISTILLATE

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8
Q

utilizes the SAME technique with simple distillation but REPEATED SEVERAL TIMES

A

FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION

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9
Q

the application of distillation is LIMITED to a certain extent due to the _______of some organic compounds when they are DISTILLED AT NORMAL ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE

A

DECOMPOSITION

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10
Q

the problem with limitation can be resolved by ___________, thus, lowering the boiling point of the substance

A

LOWERING THE PRESSURE

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11
Q

separation of the LIQUID MIXTURE can be detected through

A

IGNITION TEST

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12
Q

SIMPLEST KETONE

A

ACETONE

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13
Q

an organic sample (acetone) will ignite, thereby can IDENTIFYING WHAT TYPE OF COMPOUND IS THE DISTILLATE

A

IGNITION TEST

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14
Q

acetone (a ketone) will react with sodium nitroprusside and sodium hydroxide producing a WINE RED SOLUTION due to the formation of acetone-nitroprusside ion complex

A

SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE TEST

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15
Q

acetone (a ketone) will react with
_________ and _________ producing a WINE RED SOLN

A

SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE
SODIUM HYDROXIDE

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16
Q

further acidification of the previous reaction of acetone with sodium nitroprusside and sodium hydroxide using acetic acid will convert the wine red color into MAGENTA RED SOLN, thereby CONFIRMING THE DISTILLATE AS ACETONE (as elaborated by Le Nobel)

A

REACTION W GLACIAL ACETIC ACID

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17
Q

the PROCESS OF SEPARATING the substances in a complex mixture by their DIFFERENT AFFINITIES TO AN ADSORBENT

A

CHROMATOGRAPHY

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18
Q

it is one of the MOST USEFUL METHODS OF SEPARATING the components of MINUTE AMOUNT (konting amount) OF MIXTURES

A

CHROMATOGRAPHY

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19
Q

commonly used for analyzing mixtures of colored chemicals

A

CHROMATOGRAPHY

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20
Q

chromatography is invented by

A

MIKHAIL SEMYONOVICH TSVET 1901

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21
Q

this technique involves separation of constituent elements of the mixture

A

CHROMATOGRAPHY

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22
Q

CHROMA

A

COLOR

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23
Q

GRAPHEIN

A

TO WRITE (COLOR WRITING)

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24
CHROMATOGRAPHY derived from the Greek words
CHROMA & GRAPHEIN
25
a liquid or solid that is FIXED in a place during the process
STATIONARY PHASE
26
usually a high quality filter paper, or an adsorbent
STATIONARY PHASE
27
either liquid or gas which MOVES the samples through the stationary phase during the process
MOBILE PHASE
28
solvent or a mixture of solvents
MOBILE PHASE
29
___________ INTERACT with adsorbents at DIFFERENT RATES AND INTERACTION
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
30
it can only have WEAK VAN DER WAALS FORCES OF ATTRACTION for the adsorbent
NON-POLAR
31
interacts through DIPOLE-DIPOLE interactions or HYDROGEN BONDING
POLAR
32
POLAR compounds absorb strongly on ___________
STATIONARY PHASE
33
NON-POLAR compounds will be only weakly absorbed, and thus, has higher affinity with the___________
MOBILE PHASE
34
retention also called
RETARDATION
35
the EXTENT OF SEPARATION is measure by the ______________
RETENTION FACTOR / RF VALUE
36
RF VALUE depends on the _________ and ___________ of the components of the sample
RELATIVE SOLUBILITY & ADSORPTIVE PROPERTIES
37
RF VALUE FORMULA
distance substance / distance solvent
38
involves a stationary phase made up of an adsorbent (silica gel) coated over an inert solid plate (usually aluminum), and a mobile phase made up of a solvent system (mixture of appropriate solvents)
THIN LAYE CHROMATOGRAPHY
39
_______ draws a developing solvent up the TLC plate
CAPILLARY PLATE
40
CHROMATOGRAPHY: since different materials will be dissolved and reabsorbed at different rates, _______will take place
SEPARATION
41
CHROMATOGRAPHY: the plate is removed from the chamber once the solvent front reaches a __________ near the edge farthest from the point of spotting
PREDETERMINED SPOT
42
CHROMATOGRAPHY: this passage of the solvent front through the adsorbent is known as _________
DEVELOPING THE PLATE
43
largely depends on ADHESION AND COHESION FORCES which allows the mobile phase to move along the stationary phase due to surface tension
PAPER CHROMA
44
PAPER CHROMA: it is important that the SOLVENT LEVEL is ________ the spots with samples
BELOW
45
PAPER CHROMA: usually, the paper is ___________ and then just stands in the bottom of the container
COILED OR FORMED INTO CYLINDER
46
PAPER CHROMA: spraying the paper with a solution that reacts with the sample allows
VISUALIZATION OF THE SPOTS
47
ano ginagamit na solution pang spray that reacts with AMINO ACIDS and give COLORED COMPOUNDS that are usually brown or purple (Ruhemann's purple)
NINHYDRIN SOLUTION
48
brown or purple colored compounds formed by the reaction of ninhydrin solution w amino acids
RUHEMANN'S PURPLE
49
SEPARATION (SIMPLE DIST.) TEMPERATURE - DISTILLATE A
57 C
50
SEPARATION (SIMPLE DIST.) TEMPERATURE - DISTILLATE B
100 C
51
SEPARATION (SIMPLE DIST.) COMPOUND - DISTILLATE A
ACETONE
52
SEPARATION (SIMPLE DIST.) COMPOUND - DISTILLATE B
WATER
53
SEPARATION (SIMPLE DIST.) POLARITY - DISTILLATE A
NON-POLAR
54
SEPARATION (SIMPLE DIST.) POLARITY - DISTILLATE B
POLAR
55
SEPARATION (SIMPLE DIST.) IGNITION TEST - DISTILLATE A
BURN WITH LUMINOUS FLAME
56
SEPARATION (SIMPLE DIST.) IGNITION TEST - DISTILLATE B
NO IGNITION
57
SEPARATION (SIMPLE DIST.) RXN W NA NITROPRUSSIDE - DISTILLATE A
WINE RED COLOR
58
SEPARATION (SIMPLE DIST.) RXN W NA NITROPRUSSIDE - DISTILLATE B
LIGHT PINK COLOR
59
SEPARATION (SIMPLE DIST.) RXN W ACETIC ACID - DISTILLATE A
MAGENTA RED
60
SEPARATION (SIMPLE DIST.) RXN W ACETIC ACID - DISTILLATE B
YELLOW
61
INDICATORS TLC
BROMOCRESOL GREEN METHYL RED METHYL ORANGE CRYSTAL VIOLET METHLYLENE BLUE
62
GLYCINE theoretical Rf value
0.57
63
LYSINE theoretical Rf value
0.53
64
PHENYLALANINE theoretical Rf value
0.91

ORG CHEM LAB (20 decks)

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