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ORG CHEM LAB > EX 8: ALCOHOLS > Flashcards

EX 8: ALCOHOLS Flashcards

1
Q

organic compounds composed of an aliphatic carbon atom with a HYDROXYL (-OH) functional group

A

ALCOHOL

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2
Q

functional group of all alcohols

A

HYDROXYL GROUP

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3
Q

general formula for alcohols

A

ROH

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4
Q
  • very COMMON and may exist FREELY in nature
  • exhibit some unique set of physicochemical properties mainly due to the presence of the hydroxyl functional group
  • some of the properties of alcohols depend on the LENGTH of the alkyl chain attached to the hydroxyl group
A

ALCOHOLS

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5
Q

active component of alcoholic beverages

A

ETHANOL (ethyl alcohol)

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6
Q

general formula for primary (1°) alcohol

A

RCH2OH

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7
Q

general formula for secondary (2°) alcohol

A

R2CHOH

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8
Q

general formula for tertiary (3°) alcohol

A

R3COH

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9
Q

C with the –OH group attached to ONE other carbon atom

A

primary (1°) alcohol

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10
Q

C with the –OH group attached to TWO other carbon atoms

A

secondary (2°) alcohol

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11
Q

C with the –OH group attached to THREE other carbon atoms

A

tertiary (3°) alcohol

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12
Q

PRIMARY ALCOHOL oxidation process

A

alcohol —> aldehyde —> carboxylic acid

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13
Q

SECONDARY ALCOHOL oxidation process

A

alcohol —> ketone

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14
Q

enzyme that inactivate the substance

A

ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE

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15
Q
  • antabuse
  • used by people with chronic alchoholism
A

DISULFIRAM

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16
Q

Boiling point of ALCOHOL

A

HIGHER than hcs

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17
Q

the solubility of alcohols is governed by its ability to perform ___________ with polar solvents

A

INTERMOLECULAR H-BONDING

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18
Q

usually formed in between the OH group of alcohol and water

A

H-BONDS

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19
Q

the LONGER the alkyl chain is, the _____ the alcohol becomes soluble with water

A

LESSER

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20
Q

the ______ the alkyl chain is, the LESSER the alcohol
becomes soluble with water

A

LONGER

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21
Q

the longer the alkyl chain is, the lesser the alcohol becomes _________ with water

A

SOLUBLE

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22
Q

alcohols are acidic in nature e because of their ability to react with _____

A

ACTIVE METALS

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23
Q

what forms when alcohols react with active metals

A

ALKOXIDE

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24
Q

alcohol acidity is due to the ______

A

POLARITY OF THE HYDROXYL BOND

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25
Q

what happens to the acidity of alcohol when an ELECTRON DONATING group is attached to the hydroxyl group as the electron density increases on the oxygen atom

A

ACIDITY DECREASES

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26
Q

primary alcohols are ______ acidic than secondary and tertiary alcohols

A

MORE ACIDIC

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27
Q

alcohols exhibit a range of spontaneous chemical reactions due to the _____ of C-O and O-H bonds

A

CLEAVAGE

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28
Q

used to distinguish PRIMARY and SECONDARY alcohols from tertiary alcohols

A

JONES TEST (CHROMIC ACID TEST)

29
Q

also known as CHROMIC ACID TEST

A

JONES TEST

30
Q

JONES TEST is named after

A

EWART JONES

31
Q

Jones reagent

A

CrO3 (chromium oxide) in H2SO4

32
Q

POSITIVE RESULT in JONES TEST

A

BLUE-GREEN SOLN

33
Q

JONES TEST:
1° alcohols and aldehydes are oxidized to _________

A

CARBOXYLIC ACID

34
Q

JONES TEST:
2° alcohols are oxidized to

A

KETONES

35
Q

JONES TEST:
the ___________ (Cr6+) is REDUCED to a BLUE-GREEN TRIVALENT chromium (Cr3+) species, which often precipitates in acetone

A

ORANGE HEXAVALENT

36
Q

JONES TEST:
the orange hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) is reduced to a ___________ chromium (Cr3+) species, which often precipitates in acetone

A

BLUE-GREEN TRIVALENT

37
Q

JONES TEST:
the orange hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) is reduced to a blue-green trivalent chromium (Cr3+) species, which often precipitates in _____

A

ACETONE

38
Q

used as PRESERVATIVES in VACCINES but NOT used in NEONATES because it can cause GASPING SYNDROME

A

benzyl alcohol

39
Q

used to distinguish TERTIARY and SECONDARY alcohols from primary alcohols

A

LUCAS TEST

40
Q

Lucas reagent

A

ZnCl2 in concentrated HCl

41
Q

Lucas test is named after

A

HOWARD LUCAS

42
Q

POSITIVE RESULT in LUCAS TEST

A

turbid solution/formation of two layers

43
Q

LUCAS TEST:
SN1 mechanism to produce ____________________ which appears as white precipitate or cloudiness of the solution; benzyl, allylic and propargylic alcohols often give immediate results like tertiary alcohols

A

INSOLUBLE ALKYL CHLORIDE

44
Q

LUCAS TEST:
SN1 mechanism to produce insoluble alkyl chloride which appears as ________________ of the solution; benzyl, allylic and propargylic alcohols often give immediate results like tertiary alcohols

A

WHITE PPT OR CLOUDINESS

45
Q

LUCAS TEST:
SN1 mechanism to produce insoluble alkyl chloride which appears as white precipitate or cloudiness of the solution; benzyl, allylic and propargylic alcohols often give _________________ like tertiary alcohols

A

IMMEDIATE RESULTS

46
Q

used to demonstrate REACTIVITY OF ALCOHOLS WITH CARBOXYLIC ACID when heated with acid catalyst

A

ESTERIFICATION

47
Q

POSITIVE RESULT in ESTERIFICATION:
methanol w/ salicylic acid

A

MINTY ODOR (methyl salicylate)

48
Q

POSITIVE RESULT in ESTERIFICATION:
esters

A

FRUITY-LIKE ODOR

49
Q

principle of esterification

A

reaction is both SLOW & REVERSIBLE

50
Q

demonstrate OXIDATION OF ALCOHOLS through partial oxidation and dehydrogenation using hot catalyst (heated copper)

A

TEST FOR METHANOL

51
Q

TEST FOR METHANOL: POSITIVE RESULT

A

RED-VIOLET RING; DARK RED PPT

52
Q

TEST FOR METHANOL method was introduced by

A

ROBERT MULLIKEN

53
Q

TEST FOR METHANOL:
methanol is oxidized to _______ (formaldehyde) using heated copper as catalyst; to detect if methanol was oxidized, resorcinol is added to the solution and a concentrated sulfuric acid) is added dropwise to induce color change, precipitates and layer formation

A

METHANAL

54
Q

TEST FOR METHANOL:
methanol is oxidized to methanal (formaldehyde) using ___________ as catalyst; to detect if methanol was oxidized, resorcinol is added to the solution and a concentrated sulfuric acid) is added dropwise to induce color change, precipitates and layer formation

A

HEATED COPPER

55
Q

TEST FOR METHANOL:
methanol is oxidized to methanal (formaldehyde) using heated copper as catalyst; to detect if methanol was oxidized, ___________ is added to the solution and a concentrated sulfuric acid) is added dropwise to induce color change, precipitates and layer formation

A

RESORCINOL

56
Q

TEST FOR METHANOL:
methanol is oxidized to methanal (formaldehyde) using heated copper as catalyst; to detect if methanol was oxidized, resorcinol is added to the solution and a concentrated sulfuric acid) is added ______ to induce color change, precipitates and layer formation

A

DROPWISE

57
Q

used to identify METHYL KETONES or secondary alcohols adjacent to a methyl group

A

IODOFORM TEST

58
Q

Wagner’s reagent (WIKI)

A

IODINE IN POTASSIUM IODIDE

59
Q

IODOFORM TEST:
used to decolorize the solution

A

NaOH (sodium hydroxide)

60
Q

IODOFORM TEST:
POSITIVE RESULT

A

turbid yellow solution/canary yellow precipitate

61
Q

IODOFORM TEST:
I2 in KI in NaOH reacts only for compounds with the structure RCH(OH)CH3 or RC=OCH3 to form _______ (canary yellow precipitate); does not work for all alcohols or ketones and does not work also for water-insoluble compounds

A

IODOFORM

62
Q

does not work for all alcohols or ketones and does not work also for water-insoluble compounds

A

IODOFORM TEST

63
Q

used to detect the presence of GLYCEROL

A

ACROLEIN TEST

64
Q
  • a POLYHYDROXY ALCOHOL (TRIOL) obtained as a by-product from the manufacture of SOAP used as a MOISTURIZING AGENT in cosmetic formulations
  • component of fats
A

GLYCEROL

65
Q

ACROLEIN TEST:
POSITIVE RESULT

A

PUNGENT ACRID ODOR

66
Q

ACROLEIN TEST:
when heated with ______________, glycerol is dehydrated to form propenal (acrolein)

A

POTASSIUM BISULFATE (KHSO4)

67
Q

ACROLEIN TEST:
when heated with potassium bisulfate (KHSO4), __________ is dehydrated to form propenal (acrolein)

A

GLYCEROL

68
Q

ACROLEIN TEST:
when heated with potassium bisulfate (KHSO4), glycerol is ________ to form propenal (acrolein)

A

DEHYDRATED

69
Q

ACROLEIN TEST:
when heated with potassium bisulfate (KHSO4), glycerol is dehydrated to form ________ (acrolein)

A

PROPENAL

ORG CHEM LAB (20 decks)

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