Ex Phys Chapter 17

Question 1

growth increases in body, or body part ____

Answer 1

size

Question 2

development is made up of functional ____

Answer 2

changes

Question 3

Maturation: the process of taking adult form can be observed by
_______ _______ & _______

Answer 3

• chronological age
• skeletal age
• stage of sexual maturation

Question 4

First year of life:

Answer 4

infancy

Question 5

First birthday to puberty:

Answer 5

Childhood

Question 6

Secondary sex characteristics develop during

Answer 6

puberty

Question 7

puberty growth to completion occurs during

Answer 7

adolescence

Question 8

The change of height from birth to 2 years is

Answer 8

50% of adult height

Question 9

2 years before puberty height growth is

Answer 9

slow

Question 10

height during puberty grows

Answer 10

quickly

Question 11

mid puberty to late teens, height grows

Answer 11

slowly

Question 12

height and weight change are not synchronized for male or female. When are these changes fastest for each gender?

Answer 12

• Height change fastest at 12 years (girls), 14 years (boys)

- Weight change fastest at 12.5 years (girls), 14.5 years (boys)

Question 13

ossification is considered complete when

Answer 13

the growth plates close

Question 14

estrogen stimulates

Answer 14

plate closure

Question 15

• girls achieve full bone maturity faster

- male plate closure occurs during

Answer 15

later teens/early 20’s

Question 16

BMD:

Answer 16

bone mineral density

Question 17

Calcium is essential for

Answer 17

bone health

Question 18

muscle mass is __% of body weight at birth

Answer 18

25

Question 19

Muscle mass is ___-___% of body weight in young men due to increases in testosterone

Answer 19

40-45

Question 20

muscle mass is __-__% of body weight in young women

Answer 20

30-35%

Question 21

muscle mass peaks at __-___ years (girls)

& __-__ years (boys)

Answer 21

• 16-20

- 18-25

Question 22

Fiber hypertrophy → ↑ _______

Answer 22

muscle mass

Question 23

More/longer sarcomeres → ↑ ______

Answer 23

muscle length

Question 24

Fat Deposits form in ____ & throughout life

Answer 24

fetus

Question 25

Amount of fat is affected by

Answer 25

- diet - exercise - heredity

Question 26

Percent body fat changes with age | Birth___ to ___%

Answer 26

10-12%

Question 27

at physical maturity --women body fat= ___% & men = ____%

Answer 27

- 25 | - 15

Question 28

during neurological development in childhood, the child develops: Maturity of their myelin will also:

Answer 28

better balance, agility, and coordination. - influence their strength

Question 29

Strength peaks at ___ year for women and ___ to ___ years for men, and strength increases as muscle mass increases with age.

Answer 29

- 20 | - 20-30

Question 30

strength, power, and skill require _____

Answer 30

myelination

Question 31

peak performance requires

Answer 31

neural maturity

Question 32

boys experience marked change in strength, power, and skill at ~___ years of age

Answer 32

12

Question 33

for strength, power, and skill development: females show more gradual: ____ _____

Answer 33

linear changes

Question 34

resting sub-maximal blood pressure for pubescent is lower than in adults (relative to body size) because of

Answer 34

smaller hearts, and lower peripheral resistance during exercise

Question 35

Children have lower SV: because they have smaller _____, and lower ___ ___

Answer 35

- heart | - Blood Volume

Question 36

Children have higher heart rate because:

Answer 36

they have to compensate for their lower stroke volume

Question 37

They have a slightly _____ cardiac output than an adult

Answer 37

lower

Question 38

(a-v)o2 difference will ____

Answer 38

to further compensate for low stroke volume

Question 39

children's maximal stroke volume is _____ than in adults

Answer 39

lower

Question 40

Children's maximal heart rate is ______ than adults

Answer 40

higher

Question 41

children's Maximal Cardiac output is lower which means less ____ delivery, but this is not a serious limitation for relative workouts

Answer 41

o2

Question 42

lung volume and peak flow rates increase with

Answer 42

age

Question 43

During post-puberty girl's absolute values for lungs are lower than boy's due to

Answer 43

smaller body size

Question 44

Metabolic function increases with____ and this is related to

Answer 44

- age | - muscle mass, strength, cardiorespiratory function

Question 45

cardiorespiratory changes that occur with age permit greater delivery of

Answer 45

o2

Question 46

Children's economy of effort is worse than adults because : -however, with age, skills, improve, & stride lengthens

Answer 46

child's consumption of 02 per KG is> than adult's

Question 47

endurance running pace increases with age and this is purely a result of

Answer 47

economy of effort

Question 48

endurance running pace increases with age, and this is regardless of

Answer 48

V•O2max changes or training status

Question 49

Children limited anaerobic performance compared

Answer 49

to adults

Question 50

youth have Lower glycolytic capacity in muscle which is the result of

Answer 50

- less mucle glycogen - blood lactate lower - less glycolytic enzyme activity - mean and peak power increase with age

Question 51

resting stores of ATP-PCr similar to

Answer 51

adults

Question 52

Endocrine responses to exercise

Answer 52

-Exercising growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor surge ↑ than in adults – ↑ Stress response to exercise compared to adults -Hypoglycemic at exercise onset -Immature liver glycogenolysis

Question 53

Substrate utilization in youth relies more on _____ compared to adults and their exogenous glucose utlliization is high

Answer 53

fat oxidation