Ex Phys chapter 22 Flashcards
Obesity
Excessive body fat (men >__%, women >___%)
Borderline obese: men __ to __%, women __ to __%
- 25
- 35
- 20-25
- 30-35
Body mass index (BMI) -Body weight in kilograms/(height in m)2 -Does not account for body composition Overweight: \_\_\_\_ to \_\_\_\_ kg/m2 Obese: \_\_\_\_kg/m2
- 25.0-29.9
- 30.0+
BMI classification cut-points change for difference races and ethnicities
For a given BMI, Asians have a higher body fat
______ same for all populations
BMI >30
BMI CLassifications underweight: normal: overweight: Obesity classI obesity: Obesity class II extreme: Obesity class III
-=40
Men
- minimal fat: %
- below average:%
- above average: %
- at risk: %
5
5-15
16-25
>25%
women
- minimal fat:
- below average:
- above average:
- at risk:
8%
14-23%
24-32%
>32%
Over age 25, average person gains ~____to __ lb per year; Up to 33 extra lb by age 55
Lean mass decreases ~ ___ lb per year
- 0.7-1.1
- .22
In 2006, medical costs for obesity in U.S.
$___ billion or 10% of all medical expenditure
Obese people spend __% more on healthcare costs
Childhood obesity alone is responsible for $___ billion in direct costs
Increased absenteeism ($___ billion annually)
Lower productivity while at work
Costs employers $___ per obese worker per year
- 210
- 42
- 14.1
- 4.3
- 506
___ billion are overweight worldwide
2
Body may regulate around set point using
- _____ (RMR)
- _____ (TEM)
- ____(TEA)
Resting metabolic rate
Thermal effect of meals
Thermal effect of activity
RMR
Body’s metabolic rate in the early morning
__ to __% of total energy expenditure
60-75
TEM
Energy expended to digest, store nutrients, etc.
__% of total energy expenditure
May be defective in obese individuals
10
TEA
Energy expended to accomplish activities
__ to __% of total energy expenditure
15-30
Android obesity:
upper body (apple)
Gynoid obesity
lower body (pear)
Android obesity → higher risk for
- Cardiovascular disease
- Elevated blood lipids
- Diabetes
Weight loss reduces severity of
- Angina pectoris
- Hypertension
- Congestive heart disease
- Heart attack recurrence
- Varicose veins
- Diabetes
- Orthopedic problems
Weight loss = kilocalorie intake
kilocalorie expenditure
weight loss is not to exceed __to__ lbs per week
1-2
diet for weight loss:
-Reduce overall ___ intake and ___ consumption
Eat low _____ foods
calorie
fat
Glycemic Index
Hormone treatments for weight loss:
- decrease appetite
- increase RMR
- serious side effects, life threatening
Surgical Treatments for weight loss :
- Intestinal bypass
- Gastric banding or bypass
- reserved for most extreme serious cases
Major cause of obesity is:
overeating, and inactivity
best treatment for weight loss:
kilocalorie restriction
