Ex Phys Chapter 2

Question 1

Fuel sources from which we make energy (adenosine triphosphate [ATP])

Answer 1

Substrates

Question 2

Carbohydrates, fat, and protein are all examples of ____

Answer 2

substrates

Question 3

the process of converting substrates to energy

performed at a cellular level

Answer 3

Bioenergetics

Question 4

A chemical reaction in the body

Answer 4

metabolism

Question 5

heat energy required to raise 1g of water from 14.5°c to 15.5°c

Answer 5

1 calorie

Question 6

1,000 cal = 1

Answer 6

kcal= dietary calorie

Question 7

Resting metabolism consumes

Answer 7

50% carbohydrates and 50% fats

Question 8

exercise for short periods consume more

Answer 8

carbohydrates

Question 9

exercise for longer periods of time consumes

Answer 9

carbohydrates & fat

Question 10

all carbohydrates are converted to

Answer 10

glucose

Question 11

the primary ATP substrate for muscles

Answer 11

Glucose

Question 12

extra glucose is stored as ______ in the liver and muscles

Answer 12

glycogen

Question 13

The glycogen stores in the body are limited to

Answer 13

2500 kcal

Question 14

what substrate is
-4.1 kcal/g
-& Must be converted into glucose (gluconeogenesis)
(only used during starvation)

Answer 14

Protein

Question 15

____ can also convert into FFAs for energy storage and cellular energy substrate. This process is called

Answer 15

Protein & lipogenesis

Question 16

supplies 5-10% of energy for prolonged exercise

Answer 16

protein

Question 17

Factors to control the rate of free-energy release are

Answer 17

• Availability of the primary substrate

- Enzyme activity

Question 18

What does the following:

• Doesn’t start chemical reaction or set ATP yeild
• facilitates breakdown (catabolism ) of substrates
• lower the activation energy for a chemical reaction
• end’s with suffix ase

Answer 18

enzymes

Question 19

Each step in a biochemical pathway requires specific

Answer 19

enzymes

Question 20

more enzyme activity = more

Answer 20

product

Question 21

• Can create bottleneck at an early step
• Activity influenced by negative feedback
• Slows overall reaction, prevents runaway reaction

Answer 21

Rate-limiting enzyme

Question 22

major fat energy source

Answer 22

triglycerides

Question 23

the process of fat oxidation carried out by lipases is

Answer 23

Lipolysis

Question 24

substrates are most commonly composed mostly of

Answer 24

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

Question 25

(a one unit sugar) glucose is considered a

Answer 25

monosaccharide

Question 26

(a multi unit sugar) glycogen is a

Answer 26

polysaccharide

Question 27

____ are the only energy source used by brain tissue

Answer 27

carbohydrates

Question 28

only ___ are used to form ATP

Answer 28

FFAs

Question 29

_____ are a key structural component of all cell membranes and forms a protective sheath around some large nerves

Answer 29

phospholipids

Question 30

the influence of substrate ability on the rate of metabolism is termed at the

Answer 30

mass action effect

Question 31

an important enzyme that breaks down ATP and releases stored energy is known as

Answer 31

Adenosine Triphosphatase

Question 32

this enzyme is usually located early on in a metabolic pathway and is key for controlling the reaction's overall rate

Answer 32

rate-limiting enzyme

Question 33

an atp molecule is composed of

Answer 33

adenosine combined with 3 inorganic phosphate (P1)

Question 34

when an ATP molecule is combined with water (hydrolysis) and acted on by the enzyme ATPase

Answer 34

the last phosphate splits away rapidly releasing a large amount of energy