Exam 1

Question 1

Strain

Answer 1

overstretch of soft tissue (muscle)

Question 2

sprain

Answer 2

stress, stretch or tear of ligament

Question 3

dislocation

Answer 3

displacement of joint that can lead to soft tissue damage or inflammation

Question 4

muscle tear

Answer 4

muscle coming off the bone that can be complete or partial

Question 5

tendinopathy

Answer 5

tendon injury from mechanical loading

Question 6

tendinitis

Answer 6

inflammation of a tendon

Question 7

tendoinosis

Answer 7

affected by mechanical loading

Question 8

contusion

Answer 8

bruising

Question 9

overuse syndrome

Answer 9

repeated submit load or frictional wear to muscle or bone

Question 10

dysfunction

Answer 10

not working right because of adaptive shortening, adhesions, muscle weakness or loss of mobility

Question 11

joint dysfunction

Answer 11

loss of normal ROM due to immobilization, trauma, disuse, aging or pathology

Question 12

contracture

Answer 12

adaptive shortening of skin, fascia, or muscle which prevents mobility or flexibility

Question 13

adhesions

Answer 13

collagen fibers abnormally adhering to surrounding tissues due to immobility or surgery and causes loss of motion

Question 14

intrinsic muscle spasm

Answer 14

prolonged contraction due to circulatory problems

Question 15

muscle weakness

Answer 15

lack of use or neurological problem of nerves

Question 16

myofascial compartment syndrome

Answer 16

increased interstitial pressure in a compartment that is not expanding

Question 17

grade 1tissue injury

Answer 17

mild pain within 24 hours with mild swelling, local tenderness, and pain with movement

Question 18

grade 2 tissue injury

Answer 18

moderate pain that increases with stress or palpation of the area. Some fibers may be torn which increases joint mobility

Question 19

grade 3 tissue injury

Answer 19

near-complete or complete tear with severe pain

Question 20

acute stage of tissue healing: duration and effects

Answer 20

4-6 days
swelling, redness, heat, pain, loss of function and ROM, muscle guarding

Question 21

subacute stage of tissue healing: duration and effects

Answer 21

14-21 days after onset of injury
inflammation and ROM improves but muscles still weak and pain at end range

Question 22

chronic stage of tissue healing: duration and effects

Answer 22

6months- 1 year
no inflammation but contractures exist. weak muscles and neuromuscular control so increase ROM to prevent adhesions

Question 23

management of acute phase of tissue healing

Answer 23

patient education, control pain and edema, maintain soft tissue and joint mobility, reduce swelling

Question 24

joint mobilization for acute stage tissue healing

Answer 24

grade 1 and 2

Question 25

management of. subacute phase of tissue healing

Answer 25

break adhesions, control for pain, soft tissue mobilization, joint mobilization, reduce swelling

Question 26

how to gain range of motion in subacute phase of tissue healing

Answer 26

muscle relaxation and stretching and use of soft tissue tools use muscle in new range to maintain

Question 27

management of chronic phase of tissue healing

Answer 27

regain mobility and stability by adding load, working on neuromuscular control and using muscle

Question 28

chronic recurring pain

Answer 28

repeated irritation or inflammation that causes loss in strength

Question 29

contracture effect on mobility

Answer 29

causes poor mobility

Question 30

muscular work is what type of motion?

Answer 30

rotary motion- angular displacement

Question 31

power relation to neuromuscular excitation

Answer 31

more power is due to greater neuromuscular excitation (more motor units recruited)

Question 32

moment arm relationship to force

Answer 32

greater moment arm, greater force

Question 33

how does the patella impact quad force

Answer 33

increases moment arm and mechanical advantage of quad

Question 34

how to apply force to recruit most motor units

Answer 34

apply gradually

Question 35

best range for MMT

Answer 35

mid range has maximal cross-linkage of fibers

Question 36

normal MMT

Answer 36

strong and painless

Question 37

minor lesion MMT

Answer 37

strong but painful

Question 38

major lesion MMT

Answer 38

weak and painful

Question 39

weak but painless MMT

Answer 39

muscle rupture, atrophy, nervous system disorder, systemic muscle

Question 40

best usage for hand help dynamometry

Answer 40

upper extremity, gravity eliminated

Question 41

Thomas tests measures

Answer 41

rectus femurs and illiopsoas

Question 42

illiofemoral ligament

Answer 42

limits extension and ER

Question 43

pubofemoral ligament

Answer 43

limits abduction and extension

Question 44

ischiofemoral ligament

Answer 44

limits extension and internal rotation

Question 45

impairments in acute phase

Answer 45

inflammation, pain, edema, muscle spasm, joint effusion, restricted movement

Question 46

impairments in subacute phase

Answer 46

pain at end ROM, edema, joint effusion, contractures, muscle weakness

Question 47

impairments in chronic phase

Answer 47

contractures and adhesions limiting ROM, decreased muscular performance, impact on ADLs

Question 48

how much stronger is dominant side?

Answer 48

10%

Question 49

ober test detects weakness of

Answer 49

TFL and IT band

Question 50

90 90 test positive test indicates

Answer 50

tight hamstrings

Question 51

normal 90 90 test score

Answer 51

more than 125 degrees

Question 52

positive ely's test indicates

Answer 52

tight rectus femoris

Question 53

positive ely's test

Answer 53

hip lifts off the table

Question 54

intrinsic core muscles

Answer 54

tranverse abdominis multifidi pelvic floor diaphragm

Question 55

intersegmental vertebral stabilization

Answer 55

automatic and controlled motor patterns to activate core and correct posture

Question 56

how to stabilize core

Answer 56

bracing, side bridges, complex movement patterns, unstable surfaces, coordinate external obliques, erector spine, and rectus abdominis

Question 57

how to improve intrinsic stability

Answer 57

add stability above and below

Question 58

what type of measure is function?

Answer 58

outcome- includes, muscle performance, endurance, flexibility, coordination, stability, balance

Question 59

how will muscles act in range as you increase mobility

Answer 59

weak in full range

Question 60

what problems do bunions show?

Answer 60

problem with force dispersion

Question 61

lower quarter posture problems

Answer 61

bow leg, knock knees, foot pronation, foot supination

Question 62

upper quarter posture problems

Answer 62

forward head, cervical lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, internal rotation of humerus

Question 63

how to correct forward pelvis?

Answer 63

activate tranverse abdominis

Question 64

causes of anterior pelvic tilt

Answer 64

tight hip flexors weak glutes weak abdominals

Question 65

postural results of anterior pelvic tilt

Answer 65

lumbar lordosis thoracic kyphosis protracted scapula external rotation of lower extremity

Question 66

position of femur when hip flexors are tight?

Answer 66

femur internally rotates

Question 67

tensegrity

Answer 67

everything is connected- bilateral connection

Question 68

fascial line example

Answer 68

shoulder to hip knee to ankle elbow to hand

Question 69

janda's upper and lower cross syndrome

Answer 69

tight cervical flexors weak lower trap upper trap is stretched