Exam 1

Question 1

Connective tissue surrounding each fascicle

Answer 1

Perimysium

Question 2

A positive catalyst will have what effect on the rate of the reaction

Answer 2

Increases

Question 3

The most common histochemical reaction demonstrating hydrolases is

Answer 3

Simultaneous coupling

Question 4

The ATPase reaction involves initial coupling with

Answer 4

Calcium chloride

Question 5

What is the coupler for the alkaline phosphatase method

Answer 5

Fast red

Question 6

Normal human tissue contains

Answer 6

More type II fibers

Question 7

FRP of SDH

Answer 7

Formazan

Question 8

The results of the ATPase 9.4 method on a normal muscle biopsy would show

Answer 8

Dark type IIA and IIB, light type I fibers

Question 9

Alkaline phosphatase falls under which enzyme classification

Answer 9

Hydrolase

Question 10

pH meters are standardized with

Answer 10

Buffer solutions

Question 11

With the NADH and SDH procedures, type I fiber types stain ________ due to ______

Answer 11

Darker, abundant mitochondria

Question 12

A bundle of muscle fibers is called a

Answer 12

Fascicle

Question 13

The acid phosphatase method demonstrates

Answer 13

Inflammatory cells

Question 14

In the SDH method, which muscle fiber type will stain darker

Answer 14

Type I

Question 15

Which enzyme reaction requires the presence of oxygen

Answer 15

Oxidase

Question 16

The epimysium is a connective tissue layer that surrounds

Answer 16

The entire muscle mass

Question 17

Which enzyme histochemical method is most sensitive for mitochondria

Answer 17

Succinic Dehydrogenase

Question 18

Which is true of type II muscle fibers

Answer 18

Few mitochondria

Question 19

This enzyme method identifies reactive blood vessels and connective tissue in inflammatory myopathies

Answer 19

Alkaline phosphatase

Question 20

The most common type of diazonium salt used in simultaneous coupling reactions is:

Answer 20

Pararosanaline

Question 21

The purpose of a coupler is to

Answer 21

Produce a final reaction product

Question 22

Which enzyme histochemical method will differentiate between denervated muscle fibers and myogenic atrophy

Answer 22

α naphthyl acetate esterase

Question 23

Myofibrils are located within the

Answer 23

Muscle fiber

Question 24

Which is the best method for freezing a specimen for enzyme histochemistry

Answer 24

Lower the specimen in isopentane chilled with liquid nitrogen

Question 25

An enzyme technique that will demonstrate inflammatory cells is

Answer 25

α naphthyl acetate esterase

Question 26

SDH activity is demonstrated by a ____________ color reaction

Answer 26

Blue/purple

Question 27

A major advantage to freezing tissue for enzyme histochemical stains is that

Answer 27

There is little inhibition of enzyme activity

Question 28

Pompe's disease otherwise known as acid maltase deficiency may be diagnosed with

Answer 28

Acid phosphatase

Question 29

This method would be used to detect lipid storage disorders

Answer 29

Oil Red O

Question 30

The connective tissue surrounding each muscle fiber is referred to as

Answer 30

Endomysium

Question 31

Which muscle fiber type contains abundant mitochondria

Answer 31

Type I

Question 32

The most common non-enzymatic stain used to detect glycogen storage diseases is

Answer 32

PAS

Question 33

In the alkaline phosphatase technique, the final reaction product formed is a/n

Answer 33

Azo dye

Question 34

Enzymes are classified by the

Answer 34

Type of reaction they catalyze

Question 35

This method may also detect architectural abnormalities such as central cores and target fibers

Answer 35

NADH

Question 36

A coenzyme is an example of a(n)

Answer 36

Cofactor

Question 37

Which staining method would best demonstrate nemaline rods in the sarcoplasm

Answer 37

Trichrome

Question 38

In the phosphorylase method, the substrate is

Answer 38

Glucose-1-phosphate

Question 39

Diazonium salts are useful in enzyme histochemistry because they

Answer 39

Act as a coupling reagent

Question 40

Which enzyme method identifies inflammatory cells such as mast cells, myeloid cells and granulocytes

Answer 40

Naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase

Question 41

Calcium is used in the ATPase method because it will

Answer 41

Inhibit mitochondrial ATPase

Question 42

Which of the following is an example of an inhibitor

Answer 42

Temperature

Question 43

A pathological condition that affects muscle tissue is called

Answer 43

Myopathic

Question 44

One difference between post-incubation coupling and simultaneous coupling is that post-incubation coupling

Answer 44

Adds the coupler in a separate step

Question 45

Esterase falls under which basic enzyme reaction classification

Answer 45

Hydrolases

Question 46

In the demonstration of dehydrogenases, tetrazolium salts

Answer 46

Accept H+ to form formazan

Question 47

Which is true of type II muscle fibers

Answer 47

Have subtypes

Question 48

In the phosphorylase method, the activators are:

Answer 48

Insulin and AMP

Question 49

The reference electrode on the pH meter

Answer 49

Remains constant to provide a comparison to the sensing electrode

Question 50

A cofactor is

Answer 50

Nonprotein structure

Question 51

Diaphorases or dehydrogenases are also referred to as

Answer 51

Tetrazolium reductases

Question 52

Phosphorylase is under which enzyme classification

Answer 52

Transferase

Question 53

Enzyme activity may be destroyed at a temperature of

Answer 53

56°C or above

Question 54

Phosphatase methods are classified by the

Answer 54

Optimal pH

Question 55

The pH is critical in the NADH method because

Answer 55

Mitochondria may swell

Question 56

In simultaneous coupling, the diazonium salt acts as the

Answer 56

Coupler

Question 57

A protein that catalyzes chemical reactions by combining with a substrate is called a/n

Answer 57

Enzyme

Question 58

The substrate for the acid and alkaline phosphatase methods is

Answer 58

Naphthol AS-BI phosphate

Question 59

An α naphthyl acetate esterase procedure is performed on a patient's muscle biopsy. Which result would indicate neurogenic atrophy

Answer 59

Atrophied fibers stain darker than normal fibers

Question 60

Fading of slides stained with the phosphorylase can be restained with

Answer 60

Iodine

Question 61

Enzymes that add or remove water from the substrate are classified as

Answer 61

Hydrolases

Question 62

What would be the expected acid phosphatase result of a muscle biopsy from a patient with Pompe's disease

Answer 62

Increased enzyme activity

Question 63

A patient is suspected of having McArdle's disease. Which enzyme histochemical stain would confirm this diagnosis

Answer 63

Phosphorylase

Question 64

This type of enzyme histochemical reaction product is not visible

Answer 64

Primary reaction product

Question 65

In the phosphorylase method, alcohol is added to the substrate to

Answer 65

Prevent polysaccharide branching

Question 66

In the histochemical detection of phosphorylase, the visible reaction product is demonstrated with

Answer 66

Iodine

Question 67

Which of the following enzyme techniques can be performed on paraffin sections or smears

Answer 67

Naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase

Question 68

Most enzymes are best demonstrated at a pH of

Answer 68

7

Question 69

The cytoplasm of a muscle cell is referred to as the

Answer 69

Sarcoplasm

Question 70

The enzyme detected with the NADH method is

Answer 70

Diaphorase

Question 71

A disease that arises from the nervous system is said to be

Answer 71

Neurogenic

Question 72

This method would be used to detect the presence of acetylcholinesterase

Answer 72

α naphthyl acetate esterase

Question 73

Poor substrate solubility may result in

Answer 73

Failure to demonstrate the enzyme

Question 74

The final reaction product in the ATPase method is

Answer 74

Cobalt sulfide

Question 75

The freezing method for muscle biopsies is critical since

Answer 75

Muscle is prone to freezing artifact