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B. Final exam 405 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

Detergents may be added to wash buffer

A

Reduce hydrophobic interactions

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2
Q

Frozen sections may be preferred in immunohistochemistry if the antigen

A

Susceptible to heat

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3
Q

Intrinsic affinity determined by the

A

Idiotype

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4
Q

Which is true of immunohistochemistry

A

It can be used to determine the origin of tumors

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5
Q

Blocking endogenous biotin is necessary when using

A

Streptavidin detection system

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6
Q

Paraffin sections for IHC should be sectioned between

A

3-4 um

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7
Q

Polyclonal antibodies are generated through

A

Immunogen boosters and serum purification

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8
Q

When used as blocking reagent, 1% BSA

A

Bind to the non specific protein in tissue to prevent background

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9
Q

The clone of an antibody is determined by the

A

Idiotype

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10
Q

The method of antigen retrieval most dependent on

A

Fixation

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11
Q

Non-specific staining due to Fc receptor in tissues is more of a concern with

A

Frozen sections

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12
Q

Frozen sections for immunohistochemistry most commonly fixed in

A

Acetone

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13
Q

Maximum recommended temperature that tissue for IHC should be exposed to during processing

A

60-65

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14
Q

Underdigestion w enzyme retrieval will most likely cause

A

False negatives

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15
Q

Hybridoma is produced when B lymphocytes are fused with

A

Myeloma tumor cells

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16
Q

Following enzyme retrieval, the tissue is fragmented and lifting off the slide

A

Enzyme digestion step was too long

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17
Q

One purpose of epitope retrieval is to

A

Restore tertiary structure

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18
Q

Chemical used to quench endogenous alkaline phospatase in tissue sections

A

Levamisole

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19
Q

Blocking endogenous enzymes is necessary to prevent

A

Non specific staining

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20
Q

Fixatives that tend to mask antigenicsites through crosslinking and hamper detection by antibodies contain

A

Aldehydes

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21
Q

Which of the following may serve as a Wash buffer and HIER solution

A

Tbs

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22
Q

Advantage of lHC over molecular techniques

A

Tumor heterogeneity can be detected

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23
Q

Tris buffer

A

As temp increases pH decreases

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24
Q

Purpose of wash buffer

A

Avoid non specific staining

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25
When selecting a primary antibody, the reactivity species is defined as the
Species the antigen is within
26
Antibody class most frequently used in IHC is
IgG
27
Molecule that specifically binds with antibody is referred to as
Antigen
28
Immunoglobulin light chain class
Kappa
29
Portion of immunoglobulin determining idiotype
Variable domain
30
Cold ischemic time
Tissue removal from patient to placement in fixative
31
Fixative not recommended due to inconsistent staining results
Bouins
32
Endogenous biotin most prevalent in
Liver
33
IgG immunoglobulin has how many binding sites
2
34
Antigen diffusion
Unexpected displacement of antigens from their normal location
35
What tissue is susceptible to background staining due to hydrophobic interactions
Connective tissue
36
High background/nonspecific staining is seen in IHC stained tissue section.Which protocol step was omitted
Blocking
37
The antigen binding site of an antibody may also be referred to as the
Paratope
38
The most commonly recommended incubation temperature for EIER
37
39
The most aggressive HIER
Pressure cooker
40
What is an advantage of epitope retrieval
Decreases background staining
41
The purpose of fixation in IHC is to preserve morphology and
Immobilize the antigen
42
What fixative for paraffin embedded tissues may decrease the need for antigen retrieval
Zinc formalin
43
Monoclonal antibodies produced in this species are considered
Rabbit
44
Which portion of the immunoglobulin is composed only of heavy chain
Fc
45
With increased antibody affinity, the concentration of the antibody
Can be decreased
46
The term for an antibody reacting with an epitope that is not the target epitope
Cross reactivity
47
When selecting a primary antibody the host species must be
Different than the reactivity species
48
Distilled water should be used to prepare wash buffers to prevent
Contamination
49
Reprocessing of tissue is not recommended in immunohistochemistry because
Irreversible epitope damage may occur
50
Which of the following is the preservative used in buffer solution
Sodium azide
51
A homogeneous immunoglobulin that result from the proliferation of a single plasma cell line is defined as
Clone
52
IHC stained sections show optimal positive staining at the edges of the tissue and absent staining in the middle
Under fixation
53
Reduces hydrophobic interactions
Triton x
54
Which antibody would be more susceptible to cross reactivity
Polyclonal
55
The pH of the HIER solution is dependent on the
Target antigen and affinity of the antibody
56
Digestion with pepsin
F(ab1)2
57
Contain a spectrum of low to high affinity antibodies
Polyclonal antibody
58
What wash buffer has more potential for background staining
Phosphate based
59
This component of an immunoglobulin is either kappa or lambda
Light chain
60
Equilibrium is reached when
All available epitopes are bound with antibody
61
On formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections that have been deparaffinized what is the next step
Antigen retrieval
62
Papain digestion cleaves the IgG molecule into
Two monovalent antigen-binding fragments
63
The portion of the antigen to which the antibody is attracted
Epitope
64
In horseradish peroxidase methods a solution of 3% hydrogen peroxide alone is used to
Block endogenous peroxidase
65
Most gentle HIER method on tissue sections
Waterbath
66
In reference to the IgG structure, F(ab1)2 is composed of
One bivalve the fragment
67
Underfixation can result in
Antigen diffusion
68
The ideal fixation time for immunohistochemistry is
24-72 hours
69
In which of the following instances would you most likely encounter cross species reactivity
A mouse anti-human antibody detecting an antigen in rat tissue
70
Enzyme used for EIER
Protease
71
What is a function of a detergent/surfactant in IHC reagents
Solubilizes the cell membrane
72
Long term fixation results in
Decreased antigenicity
73
When using a wash buffer, what is not good practice
Combining old buffer w new buffer
74
Monoclonal antibodies are highly specific, however they may be susceptible to weak staining due to
Dependence on the presence of a specific epitope

B. Final exam 405 (5 decks)

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